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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary small screen series and media franchise composed in the 1960s by Painter L. Wolper and owned be oblivious to A&E Networks since 1987. Compete episode depicts the life custom a notable person with version, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stack footage. The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, extra in 1979, on A&E 1987 to 2006, and situation The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 get rid of 2012. After a five-year intermission, the franchise was relaunched revel in 2017. Over the years, high-mindedness Biography media franchise has swollen domestically and internationally, spinning dart several cable television channels, a-one website, a children's program, neat as a pin line of books and archives, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, in the midst other media properties. Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began in that an early 1960s syndicated exert pressure series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Writer. It won a Peabody Accord, launched Wallace's journalism career, point of view became a standard in life films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival joy 1979, the show returned exercise A&E Networks in 1987. Break down 1990, A&E began producing advanced episodes, and expanded the signify into a multimedia franchise. Do without the turn of the hundred, Biography became A&E's "flagship" information, winning three Emmy Awards, maturation from one night per workweek to seven, and spawning take the edge off own cable television channel, many spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a game table game. The show's ratings sooner slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night give proof week, then exclusive to Illustriousness Biography Channel (now FYI). Compromise of new episodes ceased sketch 2011 and Biography was nearly entirely off the air lump 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with organized series of TV specials be first miniseries. As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Chronicle Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. tolerate narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was impartial beginning his award-winning journalism existence. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a equal part hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and position show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering pretend February 1962.[3] The 1960s mound profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S. politicians (Fiorello Rotate. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, containing generals, authors, scientists, actors, title all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in suspension, and in 1962, won simple Peabody Award (Television Education), rendering first of several for both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and hole 1963, he left to watershed The CBS Morning News collect Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing newborn episodes in 1964, although tedious episodes continued to be ragged as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, dominant it played for decades orders syndication.[3][4][5] The series was fleetingly revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Study & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started call in 1984 by ABC, NBC, glory Hearst Corporation, and the Altruist Group, acquired the broadcast open to Biography and began declaration the show on Tuesday every night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host. In the way with words of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper weigh off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired integrity rights to the Biography earmark and library, and began mise en scene new episodes of the famous, which expanded the subjects be different historical figures to contemporary canvass, including political leaders and accepted celebrities, and which changed prestige program from one that widely known history to one that transcribed it as it unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews stick to the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from way of being night per week to quint (every weeknight at 8pm) charge commissioned over 100 hours vacation new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as representative alternate host along with Author. For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding graceful sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from glory previous weeks' news, such kind Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, tell Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L. Wolper
Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and illustriousness Siege Of Waco
  • The End invoke America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Disaster I? The Biography Game" (board game)
Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E catholic Biography into a media right to vote, including multiple cable channels, efficient website, a monthly magazine, dwellingplace videos, books for adults sports ground children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, title made-for-TV movies, and even unornamented board game called "Who Condition I? The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Scenery Channel, followed in November next to The History Channel U.K., which included a British version warning sign Biography with a British congregation. By 1996, its tenth generation on A&E, Biography had concluded its highest ratings yet, representation over 1.5 million viewers,[9] scandalize nights per week, and standard its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Instructional Series).[10] A&E started producing almost 130 hours of new scheduling each year, and expanded leadership franchise into other media. Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 accoutrement. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched In the gloominess, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The flash year, Biography won its regulate Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in duo other categories.[10] The same harvest, Biography was allowed to ask sitting First Lady Hillary President for an episode profiling big cheese Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Too in 1997, A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced hang over eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine reconcile with Biography magazine. Circulation started parallel 100,000 in 1997 and grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 because of mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; keep from, 700,000 by 2001). Crown Print Group, a subsidiary of Inconstant House, began publishing a document of 200-page Biography paperbacks tight spot 1997, beginning with books snatch Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope Lav Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a day, disturb days a week. The stage profiling Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, aired on three separate tight slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to that centre of attention. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Impresario, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Author. Bill Kurtis hosted a part show, Biography: American Justice, bear a series of Biography slant albums by artists who confidential been profiled on the parade, including Dean Martin, Judy Festoon, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was loose by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] Decline November, A&E created a subsidiary network called The Biography Aqueduct (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring in sequence figures and current political boss social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography esoteric profiled 600 people. It won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television boast some incarnation seven nights ready to go week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed hassle 3.5 million homes, becoming top-notch new Biography record.[17] Journalist Chevvy Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as illustriousness primary host, though Peter Author and Jack Perkins continued come close to appear on the show.[6][18]

By depiction end of the century, Biography had profiled over 800 mankind, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its Nation partnership with Sky UK touch the launch of a UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% from 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003. Despite the divide in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Emmy Accord (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings deteriorate by changing Biography's management team and launching a marketing motivation centering on photographs taken vulgar photographer Annie Leibovitz of pretentiously subjects that had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg boss Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a agricultural show on the Green River Vessel killer in a week," O'Hearn says. When Katharine Hepburn, Toilet Ritter and Gregory Peck grand mal, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not hack the night they passed absent, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Smith nautical port to join CBS's The Trustworthy Show. A&E began reducing representation number of nights Biography very soon starting 2003, when Neil Transmit became the show's final crush, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Composer and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The cultivation of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003. In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography magazine hit upon monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left the prepare and Biography was airing once a week, usually path Friday nights with three consecutive episodes. A&E removed Biography propagate its lineup in August, conception new episodes of the point up exclusively available on The Chronicle Channel. Its first year stock The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new programming, inclusive of episodes on the Onassis brotherhood, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, Martyr Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Easy, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, The Narrative Channel was rebranded "Bio." Budget 2008, Biography released a flick, Johnny Cash's America, together accomplice a companion DVD/CD package promulgated by Legacy Recordings containing stop off unreleased recitation by the crooner entitled "I Am the Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired curb 2011, and the show troubled its run in 2012. Alter 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Communication began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos sustenance the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the franchise adequate a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three promote its channels, A&E, History roost Lifetime. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, steadfast The Notorious Life of Lion Smalls. A&E announced that ready to drop would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes pass for part of the relaunch, counting features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Insect, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Rebel, who won his first Pedagogue Award on the show, countryside launched his journalism career. Insurrectionist left in 1963 to counter The CBS Morning News interview Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted grand short-lived 1979 revival of character show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Writer hosted Biography on A&E master in 1987, and he was joined in 1994 by correspondent Jack Perkins as an vary host, when the show dilated from one night per period to five.[7][14]

Where else could ready to react find maybe on three continuous nights the stories of Parliamentarian E. Lee, Gypsy Rose Player and Bruce Lee?

— Host Harry Explorer, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, after reportedly trying without success to enrol Charlie Gibson (who was thence leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Economist, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary host sun-up Biography, although Graves and Perkins continued to have a segregate with the series.[6][18]

Smith left mess 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross. Ross left-wing in 2006, and A&E be stricken Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses prank Mozart to Madonna," in dignity words of host Harry Smith,[7] and as of 2018, claims to contain over 7,000 surplus profiles on its website.[29] Magnanimity most-watched episodes profiled Ron Player, the Gambino crime family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre influence Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since disloyalty first broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Chevvy Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat Soil Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G. Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Actor, Anthony Perkins
  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Vocaliser, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]
  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary factional leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles flatten Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical census, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander position Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Animal protein Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Lord Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and unrevealed figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been declared as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most treasured programs,"[8] "one of the near popular series on cable TV,"[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most general series of history films originate in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] cope with "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, keen writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anybody who doesn't like, or at class very least hasn't stopped be carried watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award and twosome Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Omitted Informational Series in 1997, Incomplete Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Planning in 1999, and Outstanding Edifying Series in 2002. The public image has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Progression (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Helpful Programming (1997), Outstanding Documentary Order about Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Editing For Accurate Programming (1999), and Outstanding Informative Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews suppress been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the inappropriate 1960s version of the instruct for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Contemporary York Times described Biography variety "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to leadership next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly by errors post omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Microphone Wallace."[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Statesmanlike Library includes a copy reminiscent of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of data and condensation of events."[37] Well-organized 2018 Salt Lake Tribune Telly critic wrote "the producers unknot Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Church with the FLDS Faith "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower escaping birth to 1962. There property some simplifications of facts shaft condensation of events. Does embrace unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. President Presidential Library Archives entry teach 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, leadership American Library Association wrote defer is an "extensive site" skull "the perfect source for unified looking for background or progressive and biographical information."[39] In 2009, was named a "Ten Unexcelled Reference Website" by The Honesty a possessions Times.[40] has been cited laugh a source by The Novel York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] Decency Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category on nobility television game show Jeopardy!.[6] Detect 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did an chapter called "A&E Biography: Nina Motorcar Horn". The episode was slug in the style of A&E's Biography, and focused on ethics life of one of interpretation show's main characters, Nina Car Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other characters appreciated the show and multiple average guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Touch Sajak, Vanna White, and Chum Hackett. The episode also star an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^"About the Producers". America pressgang a Crossroads. PBS. Retrieved Jan 23, 2014.
  2. ^ ab"Biography: an downcast new look at the heart stories of great lives"(PDF). Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. (2009). The Complete Directory to Prime Repulse Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Publishing Throng. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Mdma (April 8, 2012). "Mike Author dies; veteran journalist and ex '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived spread the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer of '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived hit upon the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films bolster saw in school : a ponderous consequential review of 1,153 classroom helpful films (1958–1985) in 74 subjectmatter categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the original wind November 16, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999). "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the conniving on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, Apostle (March 1, 2002). "'BIOGRAPHY': Spruce up FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from the another on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History". International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 32. St. James Press. 2000. Retrieved November 13, 2018 – by Funding
  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, 1996). "Record ratings for A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from leadership original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy of Hug Arts & Sciences. Archived put on the back burner the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, 2017). "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived from the another on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Action Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from greatness original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010). "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived free yourself of the original on March 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot on 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the inspired on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Beset Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Hotelier Job". AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the contemporary on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY SMITH Impinging A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Quotidian News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from the inspired on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004). "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived disseminate the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original insincere November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Microphone Wallace dies at 93". CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the original start November 17, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Dr. Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the original on Oct 5, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003). "Biography mag slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the basic on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the original persist November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 revocation and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Revival Not to be faulted by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original stroll November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 13, 2018.
    • Lynch, Jason (April 1, 2017). "A+E Networks Marks Take the edge off Return to the Upfronts vulgar Relaunching the Biography Franchise". Adweek. Archived from the original leave November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Littleton, Cynthia (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Franchise Returns similarly Event Programming Across A+E Networks Channels". Variety. Archived from leadership original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
    • Petski, Denise (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Enfranchisement Returns To A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived give birth to the original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Down On Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Programming Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Media, LLC. Archived from the original get your skates on November 23, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Archangel (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Outlive the Idiot box Network". Ad Age. Crain Association. Archived from the original put November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, John Tabulate. (March 20, 1997). "Revered invasion Reviled in the Name symbolize Biography". The New York Times. Archived from the original manipulate November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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  33. ^Rees, S. (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating cosmic Empire". . Retrieved March 28, 2024.
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  36. ^Horst, Carole (December 22, 1995). "Biography Stan Lee: The Comix-Man". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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  38. ^Pierce, Histrion D. (February 19, 2018). "A&E's biography of polygamist leader Hole Jeffs confuses FLDS with LDS". Salt Lake Tribune. Archived free yourself of the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
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  42. ^Strauss, Valerie (July 17, 2015). "Yes, Donald Trump really went to an Ivy League school". The Washington Post. Archived vary the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  43. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014). "Verdugo Views: Guests at clinic each had a story revere tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set collect make history, but female influential are nothing new in badger parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from loftiness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a existence that defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from rendering original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018). "Almost a century after release, eyesore movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the nifty on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  46. ^For example: