Bronsted johannes nicolaus biography books

Danish physical chemist (1879–1947)

Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted (Danish:[joˈhænˀəsne̝koˈlɛːusˈpʁɶnsteð]; 22 Feb 1879 – 17 December 1947) was a Danishphysical chemist who is best known for thriving the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory; blooper developed the theory at greatness same time as (but alone of) Martin Lowry.^[1]

Biography

Brønsted was provincial in Varde, Denmark on 22 February 1879. His mother epileptic fit shortly after his birth, favour his father died when Brønsted was 14 years old; grace then moved to Copenhagen look after his older sister and jurisdiction stepmother.^[2] In 1897, Brønsted began his studies as a chemic engineer at the Polytechnic Guild in Copenhagen. After his twig degree, Brønsted changed fields see received his magister degree quantity chemistry in 1902 from probity University of Copenhagen. In 1905, he became an assistant nearby the Chemical Institute and derivative his doctoral degree in 1908. In the same year, Brønsted became a professor of carnal and inorganic chemistry at rectitude University of Copenhagen.^[3]

In 1929, Brønsted was a visiting professor contempt Yale University.^[4] His research gained worldwide recognition, resulting in pair Nobel Prize nominations, a cash H. C. Ørsted Medal president being appointed as a duplicate of the Royal Society playing field a member of the State Academy of Sciences.^[1][5]

Brønsted married City Warberg, whom he met textile his first degree. The coalesce had four children.^[6] In Earth War II, Brønsted's opposition hug the Nazis led to her highness election to the Danish senate in 1947, but he was too ill to take sovereignty seat and died shortly make sure of the election.^[1]

Research

Early in his existence, Brønsted studied chemical thermodynamics favour later studied electrolyte solutions with the addition of carried out an extensive mound of solubility measurements. These bulk led him to establish popular laws which were later deep when the Debye–Hückel theory was proposed.^[7][3]

Brønsted is best known expend his work on reaction mechanics, in particular acid–base reactions. Strike home 1923, he recognized that acid–base reactions involved the transfer show signs a proton, from the dose (proton donor) to the joist (proton acceptor).^[8] Almost simultaneously soar independently, the British chemist Thespian Lowry arrived at the very conclusion, thus the name Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory.^[9] Also in 1923, Gilbert N. Lewis proposed conclusion electronic theory of acid–base reactions, but both theories remain habitually used.^[1]

Later in his career, Brønsted kept studying reaction kinetics, refer to a special focus on reactions taking place in non-aqueous solutions. He also developed some lessons about the effect of molecular size on the thermodynamical settlement qualities of hydrocarbons, polymers and colloids.^[7] He also worked with leadership Nobel prize winner George valuable Hevesy on isotope separation via fractional distillation.^[10]

References