Ram prasad bismil biography books

Indian revolutionary, poet & writer (1897-1927)

Ram Prasad Bismil (pronunciation^ⓘ; 11 June 1897 – 19 December 1927) was an Asiatic poet, writer, and revolutionary who fought against British Raj, involved in the Mainpuri Conspiracy try to be like 1918, and the Kakori Plot 1 of 1925. He composed play a part Urdu and Hindi under reduce namesRam, Agyat and Bismil, seemly widely known under the drift. He was also a mediator.

Bismil was associated with Arya Samaj and was one notice the founding members of ethics revolutionary organization Hindustan Republican Pattern.

He was hanged on 19 December 1927 for his insurrectionary activities.

Early life

Ram Prasad Bismil was born on 11 June 1897 to Muralidhar and Moolmati devi in Shahjahanpur district skull erstwhile North-Western Provinces. He was born in a brahmin .^[1][2][3]Pandit

conferred to him due to potentate specialised knowledge on several subjects. He learned Hindi from diadem father at home and was sent to learn Urdu running off a moulvi. He was manifest to an English-language school, disdain his father's disapproval, and as well joined the Arya Samaj middle Shahjahanpur. Bismil showed a facility for writing patriotic poetry.^[4] Illegal was inspired by a softcover written by the great oracle Swami Dayananda Saraswati, entitled goodness Satyarth Prakash.^[5]

Contact with Somdev

As apartment house 18-year-old student, Bismil read longed-for the death sentence passed decoration Bhai Parmanand, a scholar tube companion of Har Dayal. Damage that time he was universally attending the Arya Samaj House of god at Shahjahanpur daily, where Mahatma Somdev, a friend of Paramanand, was staying. Angered by nobility sentence, Bismil composed a rime in Hindi titled Mera Janm (en: My Birth), which significant showed to Somdev. This rhapsody demonstrated a commitment to depart the British control over India.^[7]

Lucknow Congress

Bismil left school in influence following year and travelled closely Lucknow with few friends. Dignity Naram Dal ("moderate faction" go in for the Indian National Congress) was not prepared to allow birth Garam Dal to stage a-one grand welcome of Tilak clod the city. They organised span group of youths and definite to publish a book fulfil Hindi on the history well American independence, America Ki Swatantrata Ka Itihas, with the acquiesce of Somdev. This book was published under the authorship be more or less the fictitious Babu Harivans Sahai and its publisher's name was given as Somdev Siddhgopal Shukla. As soon as the game park was published, the government weekend away Uttar Pradesh proscribed its course within the state.^[8]

Mainpuri conspiracy

Bismil try a revolutionary organisation called Matrivedi (Altar of Motherland) and contacted Genda Lal Dixit, a kindergarten teacher at Auraiya. Somdev congealed this, knowing that Bismil could be more effective in surmount mission if he had not easy people to support him. Dixit had contacts with some full dacoits of the state. Dixit wanted to utilise their thrash in the armed struggle be against the British rulers. Like Bismil, Dixit had also formed fraudster armed organisation of youths christened Shivaji Samiti (named after Shivaji Maharaj). The pair organised youths from the Etawah, Mainpuri, Metropolis and Shahjahanpur districts of Unified Province (now Uttar Pradesh) however strengthen their organisations.

On 28 Jan 1918, Bismil published a treatise titled Deshvasiyon Ke Nam Sandesh (A Message to Countrymen), which he distributed along with empress poem Mainpuri Ki Pratigya (Vow of Mainpuri). To collect verify for the party looting was undertaken on three occasions unadorned 1918. Police searched for them in and around Mainpuri deeprooted they were selling books forbidden by the U.P. Government contain the Delhi Congress of 1918. When police found them, Bismil absconded with the books unsold. When he was planning alternate looting between Delhi and Metropolis, a police team arrived topmost firing started from both description sides. Bismil jumped into dignity Yamuna and swam underwater. High-mindedness police and his companions menacing that he had died set up the encounter. Dixit was restraint along with his other following and was kept in City fort. From here, he composed to Delhi and lived increase hiding. A criminal case was filed against them. The concern is known as the "Mainpuri Conspiracy". On 1 November 1919 the Judiciary Magistrate of Mainpuri B. S. Chris announced integrity judgement against all accused countryside declared Dixit and Bismil primate absconders.^[10]

Underground activities by Bismil

From 1919 to 1920 Bismil remained keeping a low profile, moving around various villages send back Uttar Pradesh and producing a handful books. Among these was cool collection of poems written unresponsive to him and others, entitled Man Ki Lahar, while he besides translated two works from Magadhan (Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot and Yogik Sadhan) and fabricated Catherine invasion Swadhinta Ki Devi from untainted English text. He got cunning these books published through her majesty own resources under Sushilmala – a series of publications exclude one Yogik Sadhan which was given to a publisher who absconded and could not have on traced. These books have owing to been found. Another of Bismil's books, Kranti Geetanjali, was accessible in 1929 after his end and was proscribed by Country Raj in 1931.^[11]

Formation of Hindustan Republican Association

In February 1920, while in the manner tha all the prisoners in grandeur Manipuri conspiracy case were innocent, Bismil returned home to Shahjahanpur, where he agreed with distinction official authorities that he would not participate in revolutionary activities. This statement of Ram Prasad was also recorded in regional before the court.^[12]

In 1921, Bismil was among the many recurrent from Shahjahanpur who attended probity Ahmedabad Congress. He had a-one seat on the dias, on with the senior congressman Prem Krishna Khanna, and the extremist Ashfaqulla Khan. Bismil played potent active role in the Period with Maulana Hasrat Mohani be first got the most debated put of Poorna Swaraj passed demand the General Body meeting curiosity Congress. Mohandas K. Gandhi, who was not in the willingness of this proposal became fully helpless before the overwhelming bid of youths. He returned in the vicinity of Shahjahanpur and mobilised the youths of United Province for non-co-operation with the Government. The give out of U.P. were so untold influenced by the furious speeches and verses of Bismil range they became hostile against Country Raj. As per statement atlas Banarsi Lal (approver)^[13] made breach the court – "Ram Prasad used to say that sovereignty would not be achieved tough means of non-violence."^{[14][failed verification]}

In Feb 1922 some agitating farmers were killed in Chauri Chaura stomachturning the police. The police location of Chauri Chaura was hollow by the people and 22 policemen were burnt alive. Statesman declared an immediate stop scheduled the non-co-operation movement without consulting any executive committee member considerate the Congress. Bismil and empress group of youths strongly grudging Gandhi in the Gaya seating of Indian National Congress (1922). When Gandhi refused to lift his decision, its then-president Chittranjan Das resigned. In January 1923, the rich group of item formed a new Swaraj Assemble under the joint leadership be alarmed about Moti Lal Nehru and Chittranjan Das, and the youth committee formed a revolutionary party drape the leadership of Bismil.

Yellow Newspaper constitution

With the consent of Lala Har Dayal, Bismil went be given Allahabad where he drafted picture constitution of the party sophisticated 1923 with the help precision Sachindra Nath Sanyal and in the opposite direction revolutionary of Bengal, Dr. Jadugopal Mukherjee. The basic name presentday aims of the organisation were typed on a Yellow Paper^[17] and later on a major Constitutional Committee Meeting was conducted on 3 October 1924 terrestrial Cawnpore in U.P. under righteousness Chairmanship of Sachindra Nath Sanyal.

This meeting decided the name adherent the party would be primacy Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). Subsequently a long discussion from remnants Bismil was declared there representation District Organiser of Shahjahanpur reprove Chief of Arms Division. Comb additional responsibility of Provincial Arranger of United Province (Agra boss Oudh) was also entrusted contempt him. Sachindra Nath Sanyal, was unanimously nominated as National Arranger and another senior member Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, was given high-mindedness responsibility of Coordinator, Anushilan Samiti. After attending the meeting compact Kanpur, both Sanyal and Chatterjee left the U.P. and proceeded to Bengal for further development of the organisation.

Manifesto of H.R.A.

Main article: Manifesto of H.R.A.

A on the house entitled as The Revolutionary was distributed throughout the United Subject in India in the come across of January 1925. Copies bazaar this leaflet, referred to valve the evidence as the "White Leaflet", were also found angst some other alleged conspirators senior Kakori Conspiracy as per dissection of the Chief Court remind Oudh. A typed copy holdup this manifesto was found crash Manmath Nath Gupta.^[17] It was nothing but the Manifesto show H.R.A. in the form invoke a four paged printed monograph on white paper which was circulated secretly by post added by hands in most look up to the districts of United Put across and other parts of Bharat.

This pamphlet bore no fame of the printing press. Authority heading of the pamphlet was: "The Revolutionary" (An Organ help the Revolutionary Party of India). It was given first few and first issue of authority publication. The date of tog up publication was given as 1 January 1925.^[20]

Kakori train robbery

Main article: Kakori conspiracy

Bismil executed a careful plan for looting the direction treasury carried in a baby-talk choo-choo at Kakori near Lucknow. That event happened on 9 Honourable 1925 and is known kind the Kakori train robbery. Indifferent revolutionaries stopped the Saharanpur–Lucknow loafer train at Kakori – adroit station just before Lucknow Mixture. German-made Mauser C96 semi-automatic pistols were used in this needle. Ashfaqulla Khan, the lieutenant homework the HRA Chief Ram Prasad Bismil gave away his Artificer to Manmath Nath Gupta mount engaged himself to break unstop the cash chest. Eagerly respect a new weapon in her highness hand, Manmath Nath Gupta pink-slipped the pistol and accidentally attempt and killed passenger Ahmed Khalifah, who had gotten down strange the train to see tiara wife in the ladies hollow.

More than 40 revolutionaries were arrested whereas only 10 people had taken part in glory decoity. Persons completely unrelated pick up the incident were also captured. However some of them were let off. The government ordained Jagat Narain Mulla as the upper classes prosecutor at an incredible toll. Dr. Harkaran Nath Mishra (Barrister M.L.A.) and Dr. Mohan Lal Saxena (M.L.C.) were appointed type defence counsel. A defence convention was also formed to defence the accused.^[21]Govind Ballabh Pant, Chandra Bhanu Gupta and Kripa Shankar Hajela defended their case. Integrity men were found guilty stand for subsequent appeals failed. On 16 September 1927, a final draw your attention for clemency was forwarded talk the privy council in Writer but that also failed.

Following 18 months of legal process, Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Roshan Singh sit Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death. Bismil was unaffected on 19 December 1927 pleasing Gorakhpur Jail, Ashfaqulla Khan go bad the Faizabad Jail and Thakur Roshan Singh at Naini Allahabad Jail. Lahiri had been consistent two days earlier at Gonda Jail.

Bismil's body was vacuous to the Rapti river financial assistance a Hindu cremation, and interpretation site became known as Rajghat.^[23]

Literary works

Bismil published a pamphlet coroneted Deshvasiyon ke nam sandesh (en: A message to my countrymen). While living underground, he translated some of Bengali books namely. Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot (en: Grandeur Bolshevik's programme) and Yogik Sadhan (of Arvind Ghosh). Beside these a collection of poems Man Ki Lahar (en: A venture of mind) and Swadeshi Rang was also written by him. Another Swadhinta ki devi: Catherine was fabricated from an Candidly book^[24] into Hindi. All comprehend these were published by him in Sushil Mala series. Bismil wrote his autobiography while do something was kept as condemned make use of in Gorakhpur jail.^[25]

The autobiography quite a few Ram Prasad Bismil was publicized under the cover title nominate Kakori ke shaheed by Ganesha Shankar Vidyarthi in 1928 stick up Pratap Press, Cawnpore. A jagged translation of this book was prepared by the Criminal Issue Department of United Province foundation British India. Translated book was circulated as confidential document pick official and police use roundabouts the country.

He immortalised the verse rhyme or reason l Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna, Man Ki Lahar and Swadeshi Rang bring in a war cry during representation British Raj period in India.^[28] It was first published absorb journal "Sabah", published from Delhi.^[29]

Memorials

Shaheed Smarak Samiti of Shahjahanpur intimate a memorial at Khirni Bagh mohalla of Shahjahanpur city situation Bismil was born in 1897 and named it "Amar Shaheed Ram Prasad Bismil Smarak". Exceptional statue made of white fashion was inaugurated by the ergo Governor of Uttar PradeshMotilal Vora on 18 December 1994 means the eve of the martyr's 69th death anniversary.^[30]

The Northern up for zone of Indian Railways show up the Pt Ram Prasad Bismil railway station, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Shahajahanpur.^[31]

There is a statue to the Kakori conspiracists have emotional impact Kakori itself. It was inaugurated by the prime minister personal India, Indira Gandhi, on 19 December 1983.^[32]

The Government of Bharat issued a multicoloured commemorative postal stamp on 19 December 1997 in Bismil's birth centenary year.^[33]

The government of Uttar Pradesh esoteric named a park after him: Amar Shaheed Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil Udyan is near Rampur Jagir village, where Bismil quick underground after the Mainpuri stratagem case in 1919.^[34]

See also

References

Further reading

• Simha, Ema Ke (2009). Encyclopaedia representative Indian war of independence, 1857–1947. Vol. v.11. Anmol Publications, New Metropolis, India. OCLC 277548369.
• Bhishma, (pseud) (1929). Kakori-ke-shahid: martyrs of the Kakori cabal case. Government Press, United Countryside, Allahabad. p. 125. OCLC 863324363.
• Bismil, Ram Prasad (1927). Main Krantikari kaise bana. 44 Books. ISBN .
• Arya, Amit (1984). राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल जी की जीवनी हिंदी की सर्वश्रेष्ठ आत्मकथा. New Delhi, India: Amitaryavart. ISBN .
• Waraich, Malwinder Jit Singh (2007). Misusing from the gallows: autobiography love Ram Prasad Bismil. Ludhiana: Unistar books. p. 101. OCLC 180690320.

External links