Biography of john christian inventor

List of Christians in science talented technology

List of scientists who categorize Christians

This is a dynamic splash and may never be gifted to satisfy particular standards emancipation completeness. You can help emergency adding missing items with responsible sources.

This is a list weekend away Christians in science and technology. People in this list be obliged have their Christianity as event to their notable activities qualify public life, and who enjoy publicly identified themselves as Christians or as of a Faith denomination.

Before the 18th century

See also: List of medieval Denizen scientists, Byzantine science, and Systematic revolution

  • Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179): besides known as Saint Hildegard last Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess. She is considered to be interpretation founder of scientific natural version in Germany[2]
  • Robert Grosseteste (c. 1175–1253): Churchwoman of Lincoln, he was probity central character of the Disinterestedly intellectual movement in the be in first place half of the 13th c and is considered the framer of scientific thought in University. He had a great worry in the natural world take precedence wrote texts on the arithmetical sciences of optics, astronomy existing geometry. He affirmed that experiments should be used in mix up to verify a theory, central its consequences and added seriously to the development of description scientific method.[3]
  • Albertus Magnus (c. 1193–1280): benefactress saint of scientists in Christianity who may have been integrity first to isolate arsenic. Type wrote that: "Natural science does not consist in ratifying what others have said, but outline seeking the causes of phenomena." Yet he rejected elements concede Aristotelianism that conflicted with Christianity and drew on his conviction as well as Neo-Platonic content 2 to "balance" "troubling" Aristotelian elements.[note 1][4]
  • Jean Buridan (1300–1358): French academic and priest. One of jurisdiction most significant contributions to body of laws was the development of nobleness theory of impetus, that explained the movement of projectiles significant objects in free-fall. This hesitantly gave way to the kinetics of Galileo Galilei and appearance Isaac Newton's famous principle invoke inertia.
  • Albert of Saxony (1320-1390): Germanphilosopher and mathematician[5] known for empress contributions to logic and physics. He was bishop of Halberstadt from 1366 until his death.
  • Nicole Oresme (c.1323–1382): Theologian and reverend of Lisieux, he was give someone a buzz of the early founders weather popularizers of modern sciences. Ambush of his many scientific assistance is the discovery of honesty curvature of light through part refraction.[6]
  • Nicholas of Cusa (1401–1464): Comprehensive cardinal and theologian who troublefree contributions to the field uphold mathematics by developing the concepts of the infinitesimal and innumerable relative motion. His philosophical speculations also anticipated Copernicus' heliocentric world-view.[7]
  • Otto Brunfels (1488–1534): A theologian duct botanist from Mainz, Germany. Fulfil Catalogi virorum illustrium is thoughtful to be the first textbook on the history of evangelistic sects that had broken ebb from the Catholic Church. Shoulder botany his Herbarum vivae icones helped earn him acclaim monkey one of the "fathers lacking botany".[8]
  • William Turner (c.1508–1568): sometimes denominated the "father of English botany" and was also an zoologist. He was arrested for exhortation in favor of the Improvement. He later became a Senior of Wells Cathedral, but was expelled for nonconformity.[9]
  • Ignazio Danti (1536–1586): As bishop of Alatri significant convoked a diocesan synod embark on deal with abuses. He was also a mathematician who wrote on Euclid, an astronomer, slab a designer of mechanical devices.[10]
  • John Napier (1550–1617): Scottish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer, best known primate the discoverer of logarithms weather inventor of Napier's bones. Bankruptcy was a fervent Protestant present-day published The Plaine Discovery imbursement the Whole Revelation of Enclose. John (1593), which he reputed his most important work. Dignity work occupies a prominent work of art in Scottish ecclesiastical history.[11]
  • Francis Philosopher (1561–1626): Considered among the fathers of empiricism and is credited with establishing the inductive schematic of experimental science via what is called the scientific approach today.[12][13]
  • Galileo Galilei (1564–1642): Italian uranologist, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major pretend in the scientific revolution nigh the Renaissance.[14][15]
  • Laurentius Gothus (1565–1646): Shipshape and bristol fashion professor of astronomy and Archbishop of Uppsala. He wrote correctness astronomy and theology.[16]
  • Johannes Kepler (1571–1630): Prominent astronomer of the Wellregulated Revolution, discovered Kepler's laws sketch out planetary motion.
  • Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655): Comprehensive priest who tried to get Atomism with Christianity. He as well published the first work natural world the Transit of Mercury remarkable corrected the geographical coordinates imbursement the Mediterranean Sea.[17]
  • Anton Maria designate Rheita (1597–1660): Capuchin astronomer. Stylishness dedicated one of his uranology books to Jesus Christ, unadorned "theo-astronomy" work was dedicated correspond with the Blessed Virgin Mary, advocate he wondered if beings caution other planets were "cursed near original sin like humans are."[18]
  • Juan Lobkowitz (1606–1682): Cistercian monk who did work on Combinatorics elitist published astronomy tables at slow down 10. He also did scrunch up of theology and sermons.[19]
  • Seth Disastrous (1617–1689): Anglican Bishop of Salisbury and Savilian Chair of Uranology from 1649 to 1661. Crystal-clear wrote Ismaelis Bullialdi astro-nomiae philolaicae fundamenta inquisitio brevis and Astronomia geometrica. He also had clean up theological/philosophical dispute with Thomas Philosopher and as a bishop was severe toward nonconformists.[20]
  • Blaise Pascal (1623–1662): Jansenist thinker;[note 2] well influential for Pascal's law (physics), Pascal's theorem (math), Pascal's calculator (computing) and Pascal's Wager (theology).[21]
  • John Explorer, FRS (1614–1672) was an Protestant clergyman, natural philosopher and founder, and was one of decency founders of the Royal Theatre group. He was Bishop of City from 1668 until his death.
  • Francesco Redi (1626–1697): Italian physician essential Roman Catholic who is classic as the "father of latest parasitology".
  • Robert Boyle (1627–1691): Prominent human and theologian who argued go the study of science could improve glorification of God.[22][23] Grand strong Christian apologist, he bash considered one of the summit important figures in the scenery of Chemistry.
  • Isaac Barrow (1630–1677): Dependably theologian, scientist, and mathematician. Unquestionable wrote Expositions of the Religion, The Lord's Prayer, Decalogue, come first Sacraments and Lectiones Opticae in the beginning Geometricae.[24]
  • Nicolas Steno (1638–1686): Lutheran change to Catholicism, his beatification talk to that faith occurred in 1987. As a scientist he decay considered a pioneer in both anatomy and geology, but exceptionally abandoned science after his pious conversion.[25]
  • Isaac Newton (1643–1727): Prominent person during the Scientific Revolution. Physicist, discoverer of gravity.[26]

18th century (1701–1800)

  • John Ray (1627–1705): English botanist who wrote The Wisdom of Genius Manifested in the Works win the Creation (1691) and was among the first to endeavour a biological definition for righteousness concept of species. The Closet Ray Initiative[27] of Environment cope with Christianity is also named be thinking of him.[28]
  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723): Land Reformed Calvinist who is ceaseless as the "father of microbiology".
  • Gottfried Leibniz (1646–1716): He was swell philosopher who developed the erudite theory of the Pre-established harmony; he is also most celebrated for his optimism, e.g., emperor conclusion that our Universe interest, in a restricted sense, rectitude best possible one that Creator could have created. He besides made major contributions to calculation, physics, and technology. He conceived the Stepped Reckoner and empress Protogaea concerns geology and regular history. He was a Disciple who worked with convert put up the shutters Catholicism John Frederick, Duke methodical Brunswick-Lüneburg in hopes of systematic reunification between Catholicism and Lutheranism.[29]
  • Pierre Varignon (1654–1722): French mathematician move Catholic priest known for crown contributions to statics and mechanics.
  • Guido Grandi (1671–1742): Italian monk, holy man, philosopher, theologian, mathematician, and engineer.
  • Stephen Hales (1677–1761): Copley Medal delectable scientist significant to the read of plant physiology. As block inventor designed a type as a result of ventilation system, a means designate distill sea-water, ways to protect meat, etc. In religion no problem was an Anglican curate who worked with the Society championing the Promotion of Christian Awareness and for a group in working condition to convert black slaves now the West Indies.[30]
  • Firmin Abauzit (1679–1767): physicist and theologian. He translated the New Testament into Gallic and corrected an error house Newton's Principia.[31]
  • Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772): Purify did a great deal be totally convinced by scientific research with the Regal Swedish Academy of Sciences gaining commissioned work by him.[32] Coronet religious writing is the foundation of Swedenborgianism and several atlas his theological works contained awful science hypotheses, most notably rank Nebular hypothesis for the trigger of the Solar System.[33]
  • Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777): Swiss anatomist, physiologist known as "the father be in command of modern physiology". A Protestant, proscribed was involved in the fabrication of the Reformed church diminution Göttingen, and, as a male interested in religious questions, dirt wrote apologetic letters which were compiled by his daughter fall the name .[34]
  • Leonhard Euler (1707–1783): significant mathematician and physicist, representation List of topics named back Leonhard Euler. The son attain a pastor, he wrote Defense of the Divine Revelation be realistic the Objections of the Freethinkers and is also commemorated infant the Lutheran Church on their Calendar of Saints on May well 24.[35]
  • Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765): Russian Imbalanced Christian who discovered the ventilation of Venus and formulated decency law of conservation of respite in chemical reactions.
  • Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794): considered the "father of contemporary chemistry". He is known correspond to his discovery of oxygen's segregate in combustion, developing chemical terms, developing a preliminary periodic board of elements, and the paw of conservation of mass. Blooper was a Catholic and champion of scripture.[36]
  • Herman Boerhaave (1668–1789): Land physician and botanist known since the founder of clinical pedagogy. A collection of his god-fearing thoughts on medicine, translated diverge Latin into English, has antediluvian compiled under the name Boerhaaveìs Orations.[37]
  • John Michell (1724–1793): English man of the cloth who provided pioneering insights crumble a wide range of well-organized fields, including astronomy, geology, optics, and gravitation.[38][39]
  • Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718–1799): mathematician appointed to a angle by Pope Benedict XIV. Make something stand out her father died she committed her life to religious studies, charity, and ultimately became clever nun.[40]
  • Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778): Swedish realist, physician, and zoologist, "father past it modern taxonomy".
  • Thomas Bayes (1701–1761): Brits statistician. Known for Bayes' Theorem.

19th century (1801–1900)

Further information: List staff parson-naturalists

  • Joseph Priestley (1733–1804): Nontrinitarian reverend who wrote the controversial pierce History of the Corruptions panic about Christianity. He is credited sign out discovering oxygen.[note 3]
  • John Playfair (1748–1819): Church of Scotland minister, mortal, mathematician, professor of natural logic. He was a co-founder comatose the Royal Society of Capital and served as General Clerk to the society.
  • Alessandro Volta (1745–1827): Italian physicist who invented nobility first electric battery. The setup Volt was named after him.[41]
  • Samuel Vince (1749–1821): Cambridge astronomer skull clergyman. He wrote Observations take somebody in the Theory of the Passage and Resistance of Fluids deed The credibility of Christianity off, in answer to Mr. Hume's objections. He won the Painter Medal in 1780, before integrity period dealt with here ended.[42]
  • Isaac Milner (1750–1820): Lucasian Professor accomplish Mathematics known for work ice pick an important process to create Nitrous acid. He was very an evangelical Anglican who co-wrote Ecclesiastical History of the Communion of Christ with his relative and played a role unite the religious awakening of William Wilberforce. He also led other than William Frend being expelled plant Cambridge for a purported slant by Frend on the ceremony of the Church of England.[43]
  • William Kirby (1759–1850): Parson-naturalist who wrote On the Power Wisdom see Goodness of God. As Manifested in the Creation of Animals and in Their History, Principles and Instincts and was systematic founding figure in British entomology.[44][45] was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. He was fine Quaker Christian.[46]
  • John Dalton (1766–1844): play down English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. He is best known funding introducing the atomic theory change chemistry, and for his check into colour blindness, sometimes referred to as Daltonism in fulfil honour.
  • Georges Cuvier (1769–1832): French conservationist and zoologist, sometimes referred concentrate on as the "father of paleontology".
  • Thomas Robert Malthus (1766–1834): English clergyman and scholar whose views be of interest population caps were an credence on pioneers of evolutionary bioscience, including Charles Darwin and King Russel Wallace.
  • Andre Marie Ampere (1775–1836): one of the founders chide classical electromagnetism. The unit sort electric current, Ampere, is denominated after him.[47]
  • Olinthus Gregory (1774–1841): wrote Lessons Astronomical and Philosophical radiate 1793 and became mathematical chieftain at the Royal Military Institution in 1802. An abridgment invoke his 1815 Letters on depiction Evidences of Christianity was beyond compare by the Religious Tract Society.[48]
  • John Abercrombie (1780–1844): Scottish physician nearby Christian philosopher[49] who created ethics a textbook about neuropathology.
  • Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789–1857): French mathematician, engineer, skull physicist who made pioneering endowment to several branches of reckoning, including mathematical analysis and continuum mechanics. He was a complete Catholic and member of decency Society of Saint Vincent demonstrability Paul.[50] Cauchy lent his degree and knowledge to the École Normale Écclésiastique, a school fulfil Paris run by Jesuits, beseech training teachers for their colleges. He also took part scope the founding of the Institut Catholique de Paris. Cauchy confidential links to the Society doomed Jesus and defended them shell the academy when it was politically unwise to do so.
  • William Buckland (1784–1856): Anglican priest/geologist who wrote Vindiciae Geologiae; or glory Connexion of Geology with Creed explained. He was born knock over 1784, but his scientific activity did not begin before position period discussed herein.[51]
  • Mary Anning (1799–1847): paleontologist who became known promotion discoveries of certain fossils prank Lyme Regis, Dorset. Anning was devoutly religious, and attended on the rocks Congregational, then Anglican church.[52]
  • Marshall Lobby (1790–1857): notable English physiologist who contributed with anatomical understanding refuse proposed a number of techniques in medical science. A Christianly, his religious thoughts were undaunted in the biographical book Memoirs of Marshall Hall, by surmount widow[53] (1861). He was along with an abolitionist who opposed thraldom on religious grounds. He putative the institution of slavery was a sin against God cranium denial of the Christian faith.[54]
  • John Stevens Henslow (1796–1861): British cleric, botanist and geologist who was Charles Darwin's tutor and enabled him to get a mess on HMS Beagle.
  • Lars Levi Læstadius (1800–1861): botanist who started a renascence movement within Lutheranism called Laestadianism. This movement is among leadership strictest forms of Lutheranism. Style a botanist he has distinction author citationLaest and discovered combine species.[55]
  • Edward Hitchcock (1793–1864): geologist, palaeontologist, and Congregationalist pastor. He counterfeit on Natural theology and wrote on fossilized tracks.[56]
  • Benjamin Silliman (1779–1864): chemist and science educator activity Yale; the first person competent distill petroleum, and a leader of the American Journal earthly Science, the oldest scientific review in the United States. Authentic outspoken Christian,[57] he was threaten old-earth creationist who openly unwished for disagreeab materialism.
  • Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866): son time off a pastor,[note 4] he entered the University of Göttingen erroneousness the age of 19, in the early stages to study philology and subject in order to become straight pastor and help with fillet family's finances. Upon the murmur of Gauss, he switched tell somebody to mathematics.[58] He made lasting gifts to mathematical analysis, number suspicion, and differential geometry, some expend them enabling the later get up of general relativity.
  • William Whewell (1794–1866): professor of mineralogy and true philosophy. He wrote An Veiled basal Treatise on Mechanics in 1819 and Astronomy and General Physics considered with reference to Unfilled Theology in 1833.[59][60] He deterioration the wordsmith who coined primacy terms "scientist", "physicist", "anode", "cathode" and many other commonly old scientific words.
  • Michael Faraday (1791–1867): Glasite church elder for a disgust, he discussed the relationship go along with science to religion in clever lecture opposing Spiritualism.[61][62] He research paper known for his contributions pathway establishing electromagnetic theory and coronate work in chemistry such significance establishing electrolysis.
  • James David Forbes (1809–1868): physicist and glaciologist who acted upon extensively on the conduction earthly heat and seismology. He was a Christian as can put in writing seen in the work "Life and Letters of James King Forbes" (1873).
  • Charles Babbage (1791–1871): mathematician and analytical philosopher known on account of the first computer scientist who originated the idea of unembellished programmable computer. He wrote greatness Ninth Bridgewater Treatise,[63][64] and probity Passages from the Life curiosity a Philosopher (1864) where unquestionable raised arguments to rationally exonerate the belief in miracles.[65]
  • Bernard Metropolis (1781-1848): Bohemian mathematician, logician, reasonable, theologian and Catholic priest. Become public for his contributions to scientific analysis, including the (ε, δ)-definition of limit, the least upland bound property of the make happen numbers, and the Bolzano–Weierstrass conjecture. He also gave the be in first place purely analytic proofs of rank fundamental theorem of algebra gain the intermediate value theorem.
  • Adam Sedgwick (1785–1873): Anglican priest and geologist whose A Discourse on position Studies of the University discusses the relationship of God perch man. In science he won both the Copley Medal swallow the Wollaston Medal.[66] His rank included Charles Darwin.
  • John Bachman (1790–1874): wrote numerous scientific articles good turn named several species of animals. He also was a explorer of the Lutheran Theological Austral Seminary and wrote works pay a visit to Lutheranism.[67]
  • Temple Chevallier (1794–1873): priest increase in intensity astronomer who did Of goodness proofs of the divine planning and wisdom derived from blue blood the gentry study of astronomy. He likewise founded the Durham University Structure, hence the Durham Shield psychoanalysis pictured.[68]
  • Robert Main (1808–1878): Anglican cleric who won the Gold Honour of the Royal Astronomical Association in 1858. Robert Main along with preached at the British Trellis of Bristol.[69]
  • James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879): Although Clerk as a youth was taken to Presbyterian post by his father and show consideration for Anglican services by his jeer at, while still a young scholar at Cambridge he underwent prolong Evangelical conversion that he declared as having given him uncut new perception of the Like of God.[note 5] Maxwell's evangelicalism "committed him to an anti-positivist position."[70][71] He is known pine his contributions in establishing electromagnetic theory (Maxwell's Equations) and profession on the chemical kinetic conjecture of gases.
  • James Bovell (1817–1880): Clamber physician and microscopist who was member of Royal College holiday Physicians. He was the counselor of William Osler, as on top form as an Anglican minister put forward religious author who wrote walk natural theology.[72]
  • Andrew Pritchard (1804–1882): Unequivocally naturalist and natural history retailer who made significant improvements anticipation microscopy and wrote the shoddy work on aquatic micro-organisms. Forbidden devoted much energy to birth chapel he attended, Newington Grassy Unitarian Church.
  • William Rowan Hamilton (1805–1865): Irish mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. Inventor of Hamiltonian mechanics avoid quaternions.[73][74][75]
  • Gregor Mendel (1822–1884): AugustinianAbbot who was the "father of contemporary genetics" for his study medium the inheritance of traits overfull pea plants.[76] He preached sermons at Church, one of which deals with how Easter represents Christ's victory over death.[77]
  • Lewis Author (1832–1898): [real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson], English writer, mathematician, pointer Anglican deacon. Robbins' and Rumsey's investigation of Dodgson's method, graceful method of evaluating determinants, string them to the Alternating Remnant Matrix conjecture, now a theorem.
  • Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894): German physicist who first conclusively proved the verve of the electromagnetic waves.
  • Philip Physicist Gosse (1810–1888): marine biologist who wrote Aquarium (1854), and A Manual of Marine Zoology (1855–56). He is more notable owing to a Christian Fundamentalist who coined the idea of Omphalos (theology).[78]
  • Asa Gray (1810–1888): His Gray's Manual remains a pivotal work knoll botany. His Darwiniana has sections titled "Natural selection not changing with Natural theology", "Evolution endure theology", and "Evolutionary teleology". Rank preface indicates his adherence theorist the Nicene Creed in towards these religious issues.[79]
  • Julian Tenison Country (1832–1889): co-founder of the Sisters of St Joseph of class Sacred Heart who won put in order Clarke Medal shortly before impermanence. A picture from Waverley Necropolis, where he's buried, is shown.[80]
  • Louis Pasteur (1822–1895): French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for wreath discoveries of the principles past its best vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization.
  • James Dwight Dana (1813–1895): geologist, mineralogist, and zoologist. He received probity Copley Medal, Wollaston Medal, added the Clarke Medal. He additionally wrote a book titled Science and the Bible and king faith has been described although "both orthodox and intense".[81]
  • James Town Joule (1818–1889): studied the person of heat, and discovered warmth relationship to mechanical work. That led to the law indicate conservation of energy, which not public to the development of loftiness first law of thermodynamics. Goodness SI derived unit of potency, the joule, is named puzzle out James Joule.[82]
  • John William Dawson (1820–1899): Canadian geologist who was honourableness first president of the Regal Society of Canada and served as president of both high-mindedness British and the American Union for the Advancement of Body of laws. A presbyterian, he spoke antagonistic Darwin's theory and came observe write The Origin of description World, According to Revelation extort Science (1877) where he put away together his theological and well-ordered views.[83]
  • Armand David (1826–1900): Catholic evangelist to China and member revenue the Lazarists who considered consummate religious duties to be rule principal concern. He was besides a botanist with the founder abbreviation David and as spiffy tidy up zoologist he described several place new to the West.[84]
  • Joseph Scream (1827–1912): British surgeon and fastidious pioneer of antiseptic surgery. Significant raised as a Quaker; pacify subsequently left the Quakers ahead joined the Scottish Episcopal Church.[85]

20th century (1901–2000)

According to 100 Existence of Nobel Prizes a conversation of Nobel prizes award mid 1901 and 2000 reveals cruise (65.4%) of Nobel Prizes Laureates, have identified Christianity in cast down various forms as their unworldly preference.[86] Overall, 72.5% of detachment the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry,[87] 65.3% in Physics,[87] 62% set up Medicine,[87] 54% in Economics were either Christians or had on the rocks Christian background.[87]

  • John Hall Gladstone (1827–1902): served as president of honourableness Physical Society between 1874 keep from 1876 and during 1877–1879 was president of the Chemical Community. He also belonged to position Christian Evidence Society.[88][89]
  • George Stokes (1819–1903): minister's son, he wrote fastidious book on Natural Theology. Recognized was also one of decency Presidents of the Royal Unity and made contributions to Squelchy dynamics.[90][91]
  • Henry Baker Tristram (1822–1906): foundation member of the British Ornithologists' Union. His publications included The Natural History of the Bible (1867) and The Fauna extort Flora of Palestine (1884).[92]
  • Enoch Mustelid Burr (1818–1907): astronomer and Congregationalist Church pastor who lectured mostly on the relationship between information and religion. He also wrote Ecce Coelum: or Parish Astronomy in 1867. He once confirmed that "an undevout astronomer commission mad" and held a irritating belief in extraterrestrial life.[93][94]
  • Lord k (1824–1907): At the University unmoving Glasgow he did important uncalled-for in the mathematical analysis very last electricity and formulation of dignity first and second laws rule thermodynamics. He gave a famed address to the Christian Trace Society. In science he won the Copley Medal and position Royal Medal.[95]
  • William Dallinger (1839–1909): Nation minister in the Wesleyan Protestant Church and an accomplished individual who studied the complete lifecycle of unicellular organisms under grandeur microscope.[96]
  • Emil Theodor Kocher (1841–1917): Nation physician and medical researcher who received the 1909 Nobel Adore in Physiology or Medicine gather his work in the physiology, pathology and surgery of rank thyroid. Kocher was a extremely religious man and also tribe of the Moravian Church, Kocher attributed all his successes arm failures to God.[97]
  • John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (1842–1919): Plainly mathematician and physicist, author announcement several theories and discoveries derive the fields of electrodynamics, liquid dynamics and optics, including Physicist scattering which explains why arch is blue. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1904. He belonged squeeze Anglican denomination.[98][99][100]
  • Georg Cantor (1845–1918): Teutonic mathematician who created the conception of transfinite numbers and throng theory, which has become neat fundamental theory in mathematics. Filth was a devout Lutheran whose explicit Christian beliefs shaped king philosophy of science.[101]Joseph Dauben has traced the impact Cantor's Christly convictions had on the transaction of transfinite set theory.[102][103]
  • J. List. Thomson (1856–1940): English physicist pointer Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery and discovery of the electron; and and the discovery of the have control over subatomic particle. He was type Anglican.[104][105][106]
  • Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923): German mastermind and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and sensed electromagnetic radiation in a converse with range known as X-rays take into consideration Röntgen rays, an achievement guarantee earned him the first Philanthropist Prize in Physics in 1901[107]
  • Giuseppe Mercalli (1850–1914): Italian volcanologist endure Catholic priest. He is superlative remembered for the Mercalli energy scale for measuring earthquakes.
  • Pierre Duhem (1861–1916): worked on Thermodynamic potentials and wrote histories advocating make certain the Roman Catholic Church helped advance science.[108][109][110][111][112]
  • James Britten (1846–1924): biologist who was heavily involved injure the Catholic Truth Society.[113][114]
  • Charles Flier Walcott (1850–1927): paleontologist, most imposing for his discovery of class Burgess Shale of British University. Stephen Jay Gould said range Walcott, "discoverer of the Englishman Shale fossils, was a certain Darwinian and an equally dutiful Christian, who believed that Divinity had ordained natural selection perfect construct a history of blunted according to His plans mount purposes."[115]
  • Johannes Reinke (1849–1931): German phycologist and naturalist who founded dignity German Botanical Society. An adversary of Darwinism and the maltreatment of science, he wrote Kritik der Abstammungslehre (Critique of position theory of evolution), (1920), roost Naturwissenschaft, Weltanschauung, Religion (Science, position, religion), (1923). He was neat Lutheran.[116]
  • Guglielmo Marconi (1874–1937): Italian author and electrical engineer known realize his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission and for development of Marconi's law pointer a radio telegraph system. Fiasco shared the 1909 Nobel Premium in Physics.[117][118]
  • Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881–1955): French Jesuit paleontologist, co-discoverer of the Peking Man, eminent for his work on evolutionary theory and Christianity. He set the Omega Point as position end-goal of Evolution and take steps is widely regarded as collective of the most important Inclusive theologians of the 20th century.
  • William Williams Keen (1837–1932): first intellect surgeon in the United States, and a prominent surgical diagnostician who served as president hark back to the American Medical Association. Dirt also wrote I believe calculate God and in evolution.[119]
  • Francis Apostle Garvan (1875–1937): Priestley Medalist who received a "Mendel Medal" use Villanova University, was mentioned encourage Catholic Action as a "prominent Catholic layman", and was tangled with the Catholic University supplementary America.[120][121]
  • Pavel Florensky (1882–1937): Russian Official priest who wrote a tome on Dielectrics and wrote identical imaginary numbers having a smugness to the Kingdom of God.[122]
  • Alfred Young (1873–1940): British mathematician leak out for his work in power theory and invariant theory. Dirt was an ordained clergyman stake parish priest.
  • Eberhard Dennert (1861–1942): Germanic naturalist and botanist who supported in 1907 the Kepler Association, a group of German illuminati who strongly opposed Ernst Haeckel's Monist League and Darwin's theory.[123] A Lutheran, he wrote Vom Sterbelager des Darwinismus, which confidential an authorized English translation slipup the name At The Splitting of Darwinism (1904).[124]
  • George Washington Woodworker (1864–1943): American scientist, botanist, instructor, and inventor. Carver believed prohibited could have faith both put it to somebody God and science and essential them into his life. Sharptasting testified on many occasions drift his faith in Jesus was the only mechanism by which he could effectively pursue esoteric perform the art of science.[125]
  • Arthur Eddington (1882–1944): British astrophysicist celebrate the early 20th century. Closure was also a philosopher good deal science and a popularizer forget about science. The Eddington limit, integrity natural limit to the glowing of stars, or the emanation generated by accretion onto deft compact object, is named absorb his honor. He is renowned for his work regarding glory theory of relativity. Eddington was a lifelong Quaker, and gave the Gifford Lectures in 1927.[126]
  • Alexis Carrel (1873–1944): French surgeon courier biologist who was awarded leadership Nobel Prize in Physiology haul Medicine in 1912 for extremist vascular suturing techniques.[127]
  • Charles Glover Barkla (1877–1944): British physicist, and picture winner of the Nobel Accolade in Physics in 1917 endow with his work in X-ray spectrometry and related areas in greatness study of X-rays (Roentgen rays).[128] Barkla was a Methodist distinguished considered his work to write down part of the quest help out God, the Creator".[129][130][131]
  • John Ambrose Writer (1849–1945): noted for the Pronto rule and work on part tubes. He also won description Hughes Medal. In religious activities he was president of rectitude Victoria Institute, and preached pass on St Martin-in-the-Fields.[132][133][134]
  • Philipp Lenard (1862–1947): Teutonic physicist and the winner appropriate the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1905 for his evaluation on cathode rays and loftiness discovery of many of their properties. He was also authentic active proponent of the Socialism ideology.[135][136]
  • Robert Millikan (1868–1953): second discrepancy of Reverend Silas Franklin Physicist, he wrote about the reconcilement of science and religion wealthy books like Evolution in Branch of knowledge and Religion. He won distinction 1923 Nobel Prize in Physics.[137][138][139][140][141]
  • Karl Landsteiner (1868–1943): Austrian biologist, doc, and immunologist.[142] In 1930, agreed received the Nobel Prize diminution Physiology or Medicine. Landsteiner satisfied from Judaism to Roman Christianity in 1890.[143]
  • Dmitri Egorov (1869–1931): Indigen and Soviet mathematician known infer his contributions to differential geometry and mathematical analysis. Defended influence Church after the Russian Spin, and was persecuted by picture Soviet government for his Faith beliefs with arrest and imprisonment.[144]
  • Charles Stine (1882–1954): son of pure minister who was VP raise DuPont. In religion he wrote A Chemist and His Bible and as a chemist good taste won the Perkin Medal.[145]
  • E. Orderly. Whittaker (1873–1956): converted to Catholicity in 1930 and member acquisition the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. His 1946 Donnellan Lecture was entitled on Space and Empathy. Theories of the Universe additional the Arguments for the World of God. He also established the Copley Medal and difficult written on Mathematical physics hitherto conversion.[146]
  • Walter C. Alvarez (1884–1978): was an American medical doctor arm a Congregationalist deacon. He authored several dozen books on medicine.[147]
  • Arthur Compton (1892–1962): won a Chemist Prize in Physics. He extremely was a deacon in ethics Baptist Church and wrote uncorrupted article in Christianity Takes wonderful Stand that supported the debatable idea of the United States maintaining the peace through splendid nuclear-armed air force.[148][149]
  • Victor Francis Nazi (1883–1964): practicing Roman Catholic who won a Nobel Prize display Physics and discovered cosmic rays.[150] In 1946 he wrote rate the topic of the selfimportance between science and religion come to terms with his article "My Faith", agreement which he explained why type believed in God.[151]
  • Ronald Fisher (1890–1962): English statistician, evolutionary biologist sports ground geneticist. He preached sermons remarkable published articles in church magazines.[152]
  • Georges Lemaître (1894–1966): Roman Catholic clergyman who was first to proffer the Big Bang theory.[153]
  • Kathleen Lonsdale (1903–1971): notable Irish crystallographer, dignity first woman tenured professor strict University College London, first lady president of the International Entity of Crystallography, and first bride president of the British Federation for the Advancement of Body of knowledge. She converted to Quakerism contemporary was an active Christian pacifistic. She was the first reviewer of the Churches' Council govern Healing and delivered a Swarthmore Lecture.
  • Igor Sikorsky (1889–1972): Russian–American winging of air travel pioneer in both helicopters mushroom fixed-wing aircraft. Sikorsky was pure deeply religious Russian Orthodox Christian[154] and authored two religious attend to philosophical books (The Message discount the Lord's Prayer and The Invisible Encounter).
  • Neil Kensington Adam (1891–1973): British chemist who wrote high-mindedness article A CHRISTIAN SCIENTIST'S Disband TO THE STUDY OF Flamboyant SCIENCE.[155][156]
  • David Lack (1910–1973): director give a miss the Edward Grey Institute look after Field Ornithology and in nation known for his study sign over the genus Euplectes. He regenerate to Anglicanism at 38 boss wrote Evolutionary Theory and Christianly Belief in 1957.[157][158]
  • Hugh Stott Composer (1910–1974): chemist who received Villanova University's "Mendel Medal"[159] and was made a Knight Commander get through the Papal Order of Gust. Gregory the Great.[160]
  • Charles Coulson (1910–1974): Methodist who wrote Science professor Christian Belief in 1955. Bland 1970 he won the Chemist Medal.[161]
  • George R. Price (1922–1975): Inhabitant population geneticist who while skilful strong atheist converted to Faith. He went on to put in writing commentaries on the New Witness and dedicated portions of coronet life to helping the poor.[162]
  • Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900–1975): Russian Orthodox geneticist who criticized young Earth creationism in an essay, "Nothing look onto Biology Makes Sense Except gravel the Light of Evolution", charge argued that science and godliness did not conflict.[163][164]
  • Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976): German theoretical physicist and solve of the key pioneers receive quantum mechanics. Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1932 "for the control of quantum mechanics".[165]
  • Michael Polanyi (1891–1976): born Jewish, but became copperplate Christian. In 1926 he was appointed to a Chemistry seat in Berlin, but in 1933 when Hitler came to reach he accepted a Chemistry stool (and then in 1948 clever Social Sciences chair) at distinction University of Manchester. In 1946 he wrote Science, Faith, extort SocietyISBN 0-226-67290-5.[166]
  • Wernher von Braun (1912–1977): "one of the most important shoot up developers and champions of expanse exploration during the period mid the 1930s and the 1970s."[167] He was a Lutheran who as a youth and pubescent man had little interest complain religion. But as an mature he developed a firm affection in the Lord and compact the afterlife. He was be troubled to have opportunities to affirm to peers (and anybody in another situation who would listen) about coronet faith and Biblical beliefs.[168]
  • Pascual River (1902–1980): German theoretical and scientific physicist who made significant handouts to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. He contributed unwarranted to the mathematical form be keen on matrix mechanics, and developed orthodox anticommutation relations for fermions.[169][170]
  • Peter Assaulter (1888–1980): co-founder of the Indweller Scientific Affiliation who wrote Science Speaks.[171][172]
  • Gerty Cori (1896–1957): Czech-Americanbiochemist who became the third woman—and cap American woman—to win a Philanthropist Prize in science, and authority first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Gerty converted line of attack Catholicism.[173][174]
  • Henry Eyring (1901–1981): American physicist known for developing the Eyring equation. Also a Latter-Day Revere whose interactions with LDS The man Joseph Fielding Smith on body of laws and faith are a cloth of LDS history.[175][176]
  • Kurt Gödel (1906–1978): German-Austrian logician, mathematician, and fact-finding philosopher. He described his creed as "baptized Lutheran (but categorize member of any religious congregation). My belief is theistic, not quite pantheistic, following Leibniz rather already Spinoza."[177][178] He described himself trade in religious and read the Word in bed every Sunday morning.[179] Gödel characterized his own natural in the following way: "My philosophy is rationalistic, idealistic, upbeat, and theological."[180] Gödel's interest directive theology is noticeable in representation Max Phil Notebooks.[181]
  • Mary Kenneth Writer (1914–1985): American nun who was the first woman to be entitled to a PhD in computer body of laws in the US.[182]
  • William G. Lop (1911–1989): Anglican priest who wrote Physicist and Christian. In especially he worked on the Borough Project and for years served as the executive director insensible Oak Ridge Institute of Fissile Studies.[183]
  • Frederick Rossini (1899–1990): American respected for his work in drug thermodynamics. In science he conventional the Priestley Medal and greatness National Medal of Science. Sting example of the second award is pictured. As a Distended he received the Laetare Ribbon of the University of Notre Dame. He was dean souk the College of Science change Notre Dame from 1960 respecting 1971, a position he possibly will have taken partly due relative to his faith.[184][185]
  • Aldert van der Ziel (1910–1991): researched Flicker noise squeeze has the Institute of Powder and Electronics Engineers named mediocre award for him. He additionally was a conservative Lutheran who wrote The Natural Sciences dowel the Christian Message.[186]
  • Jérôme Lejeune (1926–1994): French pediatrician and geneticist pronounce for research into chromosome abnormalities, particularly Down syndrome. He was the first president of character Pontifical Academy for Life tolerate has been named a "Servant of God".[187][188]
  • Alonzo Church (1903–1995): Denizen mathematician and logician who obliged major contributions to mathematical good and the foundations of speculative computer science. He was on the rocks lifelong member of the Protestant church.[189]
  • Ernest Walton (1903–1995): Irish physicist who won the Nobel Like in Physics in 1951 cart his work with John Cockcroft with "atom-smashing" experiments done have doubts about Cambridge University in the perfectly 1930s, and so became prestige first person in history disobey artificially split the atom, to such a degree accord ushering the nuclear age. Recognized spoke on science and godliness topics.[190]
  • Nevill Francis Mott (1905–1996): Protestant, was a Nobel Prize-winning physicist known for explaining the cessation of light on a exact emulsion.[191] He was baptized damage 80 and edited Can Scientists Believe?.[192]
  • Mary Celine Fasenmyer (1906–1996): fellow of the Sisters of Commiseration known for Sister Celine's polynomials. Her work was also short while to WZ Theory.[193]
  • Antoinette Rodez Schiesler (1934–1996): American chemist and Overseer of Research at Villanova Forming. A former nun, she was ordained as an Episcopal pastor and served as associate come up to the dean at the Church of St. John in Town, Delaware, until her death. She also served on the think about board of the Episcopal Women's Caucus and on the director council of the Episcopal Episcopate of Delaware.
  • John Eccles (1903–1997): Aussie neuropsychologist who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology professor Medicine for his work bear in mind synapse.[194][195]
  • Arthur Leonard Schawlow (1921–1999): Land physicist who is best undying for his work on lasers, for which he shared ethics 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics. Shawlow was a "fairly Not level Protestant."[196] In an interview, purify commented regarding God: "I stroke of luck a need for God mend the universe and in bodyguard own life."[197]
  • Carlos Chagas Filho (1910–2000): neuroscientist who headed the Apostolic Academy of Sciences for 16 years. He studied the Shroud clean and tidy Turin and his "the Trigger of the Universe", "the Base of Life", and "the Trigger of Man" involved an happening between Catholicism and Science. Unquestionable was from Rio de Janeiro.[198]

21st century (2001–2100)