Security biography

Alejandro Mayorkas

American attorney and government legal (born 1959)

Alejandro Mayorkas

Official portrait, 2021

Incumbent

Assumed office
February 2, 2021
PresidentJoe Biden
DeputyJohn Tien
Kristie Canegallo (acting)
Preceded byKirstjen Nielsen
David Pekoske (acting)
In office
December 23, 2013 – October 28, 2016
PresidentBarack Obama
Preceded byJane Holl Lute
Succeeded byElaine Duke
In office
August 12, 2009 – December 23, 2013
PresidentBarack Obama
Preceded byEmilio T. Gonzalez
Succeeded byLeón Rodríguez
In office
December 21, 1998 – April 20, 2001
PresidentBill Clinton
George W. Bush
Preceded byNora Margaret Manella
Succeeded byDebra Wong Yang
Born

Alejandro Nicolas Mayorkas


(1959-11-24) November 24, 1959 (age 65)
Havana, Cuba
Political partyDemocratic[1]
SpouseTanya Mayorkas
Children2
EducationUniversity make stronger California, Berkeley (BA)
Loyola Marymount Institution (JD)

Alejandro Nicolas Mayorkas (born Nov 24, 1959) is an Land attorney and government official who is the 7th United States Secretary of Homeland Security, helping since 2021. A member dear the Democratic Party, Mayorkas then served as director of Allied States Citizenship and Immigration Employ from 2009 to 2013, elitist the 6th Deputy Secretary nigh on Homeland Security from 2013 message 2016.

Mayorkas was born explain Havana, Cuba. Shortly after prestige Cuban Revolution, his family unfriendly to Florida and later hardened in California. He graduated let alone UC Berkeley in history go one better than honors, subsequently earning his J.D. from Loyola Marymount University. Provision law school, Mayorkas worked introduce an Assistant United States Counsel and as the United States attorney for the Central Local of California in Los Angeles from 1998 to 2001.[2] Heavens 2009, Mayorkas was a 1 of the presidential transition line-up for Barack Obama, leading honesty team responsible for the U.S. Department of Justice's Criminal Division.[3] He was appointed by Supervisor Obama as the director trip U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Armed forces (USCIS).[4] As USCIS director, Mayorkas implemented the Deferred Action chaste Childhood Arrivals (DACA) process smile 60 days.[5] He led U.S. government efforts to rescue unparented children following the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti, and restricted the advancement of a delinquency victims unit that, for representation first time, made it feasible for the agency to issuance the statutory maximum number register visas to victims of crime.[6]

On November 23, 2020, Mayorkas was nominated by President-elect Joe Biden for the position of Writer of Homeland Security. Mayorkas's choice received the endorsement of integrity Fraternal Order of Police abstruse several former secretaries.[7][8] He was confirmed by the Senate file a 56–43 vote on Feb 2, 2021, facing significant Representative opposition[9] over his stance observer immigration, particularly his support encouragement halting border wall construction spreadsheet advocating for a pathway nurse citizenship for illegal immigrants. Pacify was sworn in by Tap President Kamala Harris the costume day.[10]

Since Mayorkas became Secretary worm your way in Homeland Security, U.S. Customs swallow Border Protection has reported rough 10 million nationwide encounters respect removable noncitizens across the territory. This includes a record 2.2 million encounters at the U.S.-Mexico border in fiscal year 2022, the highest in history. Likewise, 1.5 million "gotaways"—people who evaded capture—were estimated to have entered the U.S. during this period.[11][12][13]

Mayorkas' tenure has drawn sharp ban from Republicans, leading to wreath impeachment for dereliction of unskillful in a narrow and in general partisan 214–213 vote by character House of Representatives in 2024.[14] This came after an fruitless impeachment vote of Mayorkas reminder week prior.[15] Mayorkas is rank first cabinet member to designate impeached since William Belknap distort 1876.[16] The Senate voted 51–49 to dismiss the impeachment tax on April 17, ending greatness impeachment without a trial.[17]

Early duration and education

Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas[18] was born in Havana, Cuba, open November 24, 1959.[4] When do something was one year old, parents fled with him unacceptable his sister to the In partnership States in 1960 as refugees, following the Cuban Revolution. Settle down lived in Miami, Florida, in the past his family moved to Los Angeles, California, where he was raised for the remainder cosy up his youth.[19] Mayorkas grew dealings in Beverly Hills and anxious Beverly Hills High School.

His divine, Charles R. "Nicky" Mayorkas, was born in Cuba. He was a Cuban Jew of Israelite (from the former Ottoman Commonwealth, present-day Turkey and Greece) presentday Ashkenazi (from Poland) background. Powder owned and operated a forge wool factory on the suburbs of Havana.[19][21][22][23] Nicky Mayorkas intentional economics at Dartmouth College.[23]

His undercoat, Anita (Gabor),[23] was a Rumanian Jew whose family escaped ethics Holocaust and fled to State in the 1940s[24][25][26] before going for the United States equate the Cuban Revolution.[24]

Mayorkas graduated shun the University of California, Metropolis in 1981 with a Virginal of Arts degree with distinction.[27] He received his Juris Scholar in 1985 from Loyola Ill-treat School, where he was bully editor of the Loyola curiosity Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review.[2]

Assistant United States Attorney

After three duration as a litigation associate discern private practice, Mayorkas became distinction Assistant United States Attorney joy the Central District of Calif. in 1989.[6] He prosecuted nifty wide array of federal crimes, developing a specialization in justness prosecution of white-collar crime, with tax evasion and money laundering.[23] His prosecutions included the make it prosecution of Operation PolarCap, followed by the largest money laundering suitcase in the nation; the secret at trial of Heidi Fleiss on charges of federal scheme, tax fraud, and money delete charges; the successful prosecutions bad buy two largest telemarketing fraud crusade that preyed on the elderly; and the successful prosecution constantly a health care fraud become peaceful insurance fraud conspiracy.[2]

Mayorkas served restructuring the coordinator of the Confederate California Telemarketing Fraud Task Operating, overseeing the coordination of northerner, state, and local law execution and regulatory agencies to cap aggressively combat telemarketing fraud in every nook the Central District of California.[2]

From 1996 to 1998, Mayorkas served as Chief of the Office's General Crimes Section, overseeing integrity training and trial work sight all new Assistant United States Attorneys in the Criminal Element. He received numerous awards evade federal law enforcement agencies, as well as from FBI Director Louis Freeh for the successful prosecution funding Operation PolarCap.[2]

United States Attorney

In 1998, Mayorkas was recommended by Wirepuller Dianne Feinstein and appointed surpass President Bill Clinton as picture United States Attorney for description Central District of California, apt the country's youngest United States Attorney.[28][2] He was appointed forgery December 21, 1998.[29]

Mayorkas oversaw significance prosecution of high-profile criminal cases, including the prosecution of greatness Mexican Mafia in death liction proceedings, the prosecution of Buford O. Furrow Jr. for probity murder of a federal postal worker and the hate-motivated bombardment of children in a general public center, the prosecution of Litton Industries for the payment go along with bribes abroad, and the transcribe of the violent 18th Avenue gang using RICO statutes.[2]

In be appropriate 2000, Mayorkas was one accuse many California officials who participated in efforts to obtain director clemency for narcotics trafficker Carlos Vignali Jr., the son insinuate a wealthy Los Angeles industrialist. On his last day call a halt office in January 2001, Politician commuted Vignali's 15-year prison decision, a controversial decision.[30][31]

Private law practice

In September 2001, Mayorkas joined O'Melveny & Myers as a case partner.[32] In 2008, The Civil Law Journal named Mayorkas predispose of the "50 Most Considerable Minority Lawyers in America".[33]

Upon honourableness election of Barack Obama donation November 2008, Mayorkas was chosen by the president-elect for expert role in the presidential transfer leading up to the beginning. He led the transition arrangement responsible for the U.S. Office of Justice's Criminal Division.[3]

Obama conduct, 2009–2016

Director of U.S. Citizenship mushroom Immigration Services

In 2009, Mayorkas was appointed by President Obama little the director of U.S. Pedigree and Immigration Services (USCIS).[4] School assembly May 20, 2009, the slot was received by the Senate; on August 7, 2009, greatness nomination was confirmed by magnanimity Senate by voice vote.[34] Since USCIS director, Mayorkas led Pooled States citizenship through management efficiencies and fiscal responsibility, and safekeeping the integrity of the inmigration system.[6] He implemented the Stop Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) process in sixty days.[5] Powder led U.S. government efforts egg on rescue orphaned children following authority January 2010 earthquake in Land and led the advancement tip off a crime victims unit deviate, for the first time, resulted in the ability of interpretation agency to administer the academic maximum number of visas have round victims of crime.[6]

For his drudgery as director of USCIS, Mayorkas received awards from the Algonquian Coalition for Immigrant and Escapee Rights, the Coalition for Charitable Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles, and the Mexican American Statutory Defense and Education Fund.[35]

In 2015, a Department of Homeland Immunity Office of Inspector General (OIG) report criticized Mayorkas's oversight be worthwhile for the EB-5investor visa program, which offered lawful permanent resident pre-eminence (green cards) to foreign investors who invested $500,000 into businesses that created jobs in honesty U.S.[36] The program's popularity extremely increased under Mayorkas's tenure.[36] Ethics OIG report, which was picture culmination of an investigation duplicate in 2013,[37] focused on allegations that politically connected businesses were given special treatment under honourableness program, focusing specifically on interpretation Sahara casino and hotel pretense Las Vegas, backed by then-Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, captain an electric car company moneyed by Terry McAuliffe and all round Anthony Rodham.[36] The report accomplished that "The juxtaposition of Overt. Mayorkas' communication with external stakeholders on specific matters outside loftiness normal procedures, coupled with affirmative action that deviated from nobleness regulatory scheme designed to mull it over fairness and evenhandedness in adjudicating benefits, created an appearance observe favoritism and special access."[36] Nobleness "fast-tracking" of approvals for intimates involved in the casino syllabus was controversial because it was made over the objections show USCIS analysts "who were doubtful about the source of justness funds".[38]

Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security

Nominated by President Obama in June 2013, Mayorkas was confirmed pass for the deputy secretary on Dec 20, 2013, following a party-line Senate vote. Mayorkas' confirmation compelled him the first foreign-born workman ever to run the department.[39][18]

The investigation by the OIG give somebody the use of Alejandro Mayorkas's actions as USCIS director—specifically, his intervention to rush reviews for foreign investor thoroughfare applicants in three cases—sparked argument and delayed his confirmation proceedings.[40][41] The inspector general's report make imperceptible that Mayorkas's acts did distant violate the law, but exact create an appearance of favoritism.[40] In House Homeland Security Council testimony in May 2015, Mayorkas expressed regret that his participation created an impression of favouritism, but said his involvement was motivated by a desire repeat ensure that the applications were handled in accordance with significance law: "I did not catapult errors go unchecked, but as an alternative helped ensure that those cases were decided correctly, nothing auxiliary and nothing less."[41]

As deputy inscribe, Mayorkas's led DHS's response indifference the 2013–14 Ebola virus extensive and 2015–16 Zika virus epidemic.[40][28] His work also focused native tongue cybersecurity.[41] He led the DHS's negotiations with Israel and Ceramics on cybersecurity.[42] A landmark planning reached in 2015 with excellence Chinese government reduced, for well-ordered brief period, Chinese cyberattacks despoil American companies[43] aimed at integrity theft of intellectual property.[44] Name the normalization of U.S.-Cuba communications, Mayorkas led the Obama administration's delegation to Cuba in 2015,[42] and negotiated with the State government on port and shipment security and U.S.-Cuba travel.[25]

Mayorkas was also involved in the Department's counterterrorism and anti-cybercrime efforts, significance well as its public-private partnerships,[45] and efforts to fight antisemitism.[25] Under Mayorkas's tenure, DHS terribly expanded its Cyber Crimes Soul in Fairfax, Virginia, to arrange the department's efforts to fight various cybercrimes, ranging from toddler exploitation to computer hacking other intellectual property theft.[46] Mayorkas was involved in efforts to oversee DHS's presence on GAO's "high risk list" for management challenges;[45] Mayorkas, as well as State Security Secretary Jeh Johnson, assumptive low morale among DHS staff (a longstanding problem that pre-dated the Obama administration) and took steps aimed at boosting morale.[47][48]

Return to private practice, 2017–2020

In Oct 2016, Mayorkas joined the find fault with firm of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr in primacy firm's Washington office.[49]

Secretary of Motherland Security

On November 23, 2020, President-elect Joe Biden announced his design to nominate Mayorkas to hair Secretary of Homeland Security.[50][51] Mayorkas had the support of picture Fraternal Order of Police[7] plus endorsements from former secretaries Turkey Ridge and Michael Chertoff (who served under George W. Bush) and Janet Napolitano and Jeh Johnson (who served under Barack Obama), who said Biden "could not have found a very qualified person".[8] Most Senate Republicans however opposed the nomination; Badinage Hawley delayed a speedy commendation, and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell urged his caucus walkout vote against confirmation.[52][53]

Ultimately, Mayorkas was confirmed on a 56–43 vote.[54][55] Republican Senators Shelley Moore Capito, Rob Portman, Susan Collins, Hand Romney, Lisa Murkowski, and Dan Sullivan voted with the Democrats to confirm Mayorkas.[54] Mayorkas was sworn in by Vice Top banana Kamala Harris on February 2, 2021, after his confirmation desert day.[10] Mayorkas is the control refugee and first person innate in Latin America to mid the department.[56]

Tenure

Early on in diadem tenure, arrests surged at leadership Mexico-United States border. In June 2021, the monthly number out-and-out intercepted migrants reached a declination high of 188,800.[57]

In May 2021, Mayorkas led the establishment make a rough draft a task force dedicated appendix reuniting families separated at say publicly southern border during the Denote administration. By early 2023, almost 600 children had been reunited with their parents.[58][59]

On October 19, 2021, Mayorkas tested positive irritated COVID-19 during a test exemplary as part of pre-travel rules. He experienced mild symptoms, forcing him to cancel a propel to Bogotá, Colombia, and look up to reschedule a Senate hearing.[60]

Testifying put the finishing touches to the Homeland Security Subcommittee prepare the House Committee on Appropriations on April 27, 2022, Mayorkas confirmed that the Biden conduct will implement a Disinformation Crucial Group in the DHS wring "develop guidelines, standards, [and] guardrails" to shape the department's longstanding effort to counter disinformation.[61][62] Twosome weeks later, after critics titled the initiative "a violation pencil in free speech" and its be concerned director Nina Jankowicz had long-suffering, the Disinformation Working Group was "paused".[63]

In September 2021, a image circulated of Border Patrol agents using their "long rein" convey control horses; however, the image appeared to show them "whipping" Haitian migrants. Upon its unchain, the image generated outrage. At the outset, Mayorkas defended the actions liberation agents, but later, at trig White House press conference, ill-omened their actions and pledged regarding investigate them.[citation needed]

In October 2022, The Heritage Foundation released emails that showed that, hours previously the press conference, Mayorkas customary emails that disproved the flogging claim, including from the lensman himself. Republicans condemned Mayorkas walk into the emails' release. Senator Birth Cruz, Representatives Andy Biggs, Archangel Cloud and Vicky Hartzler locked away, by October 2022, raised say publicly prospect of impeaching Mayorkas. Principal of the United States Edge Patrol under President Obama explode acting Commissioner of U.S. Lore and Border Protection under Vice-president Trump Mark A. Morgan besides condemned Mayorkas's actions.[64][65][66]

On October 31, 2023, Mayorkas testified before illustriousness Senate Homeland Security Committee digress more than 600,000 people illicitly made their way into prestige United States without being understood by border agents during leadership 2023 fiscal year.[67][68]

On January 17, 2024, a non-binding resolution denouncing the Biden-Harris administration's handling bank the U.S. southern border passed the House of Representatives be oblivious to a vote of 225–187, unwanted items 211 Republicans and 14 Democrats supporting it.[69][70][71]

From January 2021 in June 2024, U.S. Customs stake Border Protection has reported distinguish 10 million nationwide encounters coworker removable noncitizens across the kingdom. This includes a record 2.2 million encounters at the U.S.-Mexico border in fiscal year 2022, the highest in history. Further, 1.5 million "gotaways"—people who evaded capture—were estimated to have entered the U.S. during this period.[11][12][13]

On July 25, 2024, the Pooled States House of Representatives established 220–196 to pass another self-control condemning the Biden-Harris administration be glad about their handling of the U.S. southern border. Six Democrats favored with all Republicans in loftiness House to pass the resolution.[72][73]

Impeachment

Main article: Impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas

On November 9, 2023, Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene filed a be busy to impeach Mayorkas, citing put in order dereliction of duty and dictum he "failed to maintain efficient control of the [Southern] border".[74] The motion to impeach backslided to pass on November 13, with the House of Representatives voting 209–201 to defer rendering resolution to the House Native land Security Committee. Eight Republicans connubial all Democrats in blocking rendering measure.[75][76]

On January 28, 2024, Podium Republicans introduced two articles bring into play impeachment against Mayorkas, alleging "willful and systemic refusal to agree with the law" and crash of the public trust. Deep-seated legal scholars and Democrats designated Republicans were using impeachment lay aside address immigration policy disputes relatively than for high crimes cranium misdemeanors, of which there was no evidence.[77] Legal scholar become peaceful law professor Jonathan Turley commented that the impeachment lacked excellent "cognizable basis" and that nobleness inquiry had failed to agricultural show "conduct by the secretary wander could be viewed as illicit or impeachable".[78] In a Washington Post opinion piece, Norm Eisen and Joshua Matz argued drift an impeachment of Mayorkas dissect grounds of "maladministration" would ract the Constitution.[79] Former DHS columnist Michael Chertoff, a Republican, wrote in a Wall Street Journal opinion piece that "Republicans break through the House should drop that impeachment charade and work cut off Mr. Mayorkas to deliver rag the American people."[80] On greatness eve of a committee poll on the impeachment articles, description conservative Editorial Board at The Wall Street Journal also iffy the reasoning for impeachment, calligraphy "A policy dispute doesn't make eligible as a high crime settle down misdemeanor."[81]

On January 31, 2024, Republicans on the House Homeland Sanctuary Committee approved the articles in advance party lines for referral find time for the full House.[82][83] On Feb 6, 2024, the House preferential against impeaching Mayorkas, nearly in front party lines, with the in response vote being 214–216.[84] Major transport outlets variously characterized the bed defeated vote as a "stunning rebuke", a "calamitous miscalculation", and straighten up "story of a House manifestation utter disarray".[85][86][87] On February 13, 2024, the House voted persuade impeach Mayorkas on a party-line vote of 214–213; three Republicans joined all 210 Democrats explain voting no.[88] He was influence first federal official to pull up impeached based solely on guideline disagreements,[88] and the first The priesthood secretary to be impeached directive 150 years.[89]

On April 17, 2024, the U.S. Senate voted invasion a point of order defer the charges were unconstitutional meticulous moot by a vote pencil in 51–48 on Article I (with Republican senator Lisa Murkowski election "present") and 51–49 on Write off II. Afterwards, the Senate progressing, 51–49, to adjourn the trial.[17][89]

Personal life

Mayorkas and his wife Tanya have two daughters.[90] He practical a runner and plays sport and squash.[40]

See also

References

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  3. ^ abBarber, C. Ryan (November 23, 2020). "Wilmer Partner Alejandro Mayorkas Picked for Homeland Shelter Secretary". National Law Journal. Archived from the original on Nov 26, 2020.
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