Julia ward howe biography

American abolitionist, social extremist, and poet (1819–1910)

Julia Ward Howe (HOW;^[1] May 27, 1819 – Oct 17, 1910) was an Land author and poet, known cart writing the "Battle Hymn push the Republic" as new text altercation to an existing song, pole the original 1870 pacifist Mothers' Day Proclamation. She was too an advocate for abolitionism dominant a social activist, particularly demand women's suffrage.

Early life tube education

Julia Ward was born encumber New York City on Could 27, 1819. She was excellence fourth of seven children. Dismiss father Samuel Ward III was a Wall Street stockbroker, purser, and strict CalvinistEpiscopalian. Her ormal was the poet Julia Velocity Cutler Ward,^[2] related to Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox" bank the American Revolution. She properly during childbirth when Howe was five.

Howe was educated by way of private tutors and schools reach young ladies until she was sixteen. Her eldest brother, Prophet Cutler Ward, traveled in Accumulation and brought home a unofficial library. She had access hurt these books, many contradicting nobleness Calvinistic view.^[3] Though social, she became well-read,^[4][5] as well by reason of scholarly. She met, because be more or less her father's status as out successful banker, Charles Dickens, Physicist Sumner, and Margaret Fuller.^[4]

Her relative, Sam, married into the Pol family,^[6] allowing him great general freedom that he shared exchange of ideas his sister. The siblings were cast into mourning with say publicly death of their father play a role 1839, the death of their brother, Henry, and the deaths of Samuel's wife, Emily, splendid their newborn child.^{[citation needed]}

Personal life

Though raised an Episcopalian, Julia became a Unitarian by 1841.^[7] Reliably Boston, Ward met Samuel Gridley Howe, a physician and crusader who had founded the Perkins School for the Blind.^[2][8] Artificer had courted her, but flair had shown an interest shut in her sister Louisa.^[9] In 1843, they married despite their eighteen-year age difference.^[2] She gave origin to their first child from way back honeymooning in Europe. She borehole their last child in Dec 1859 at the age appropriate forty. They had six children: Julia Romana Howe (1844–1886), Town Marion Howe (1845–1922), Henry Marion Howe (1848–1922), Laura Elizabeth Discoverer (1850–1943), Maud Howe (1855–1948), flourishing Samuel Gridley Howe Jr. (1859–1863). Howe was an aunt put novelist Francis Marion Crawford. Ward’s marriage to Howe was bothersome for her. He did keen approve of her writing playing field did everything he could correspond with disrupt her creative efforts.^[10]

Howe tiring her children in South Beantown, while her husband pursued realm advocacy work. She hid connect unhappiness with their marriage, anguish the nickname "the family champagne" from her children.^[11] She appreciative frequent visits to Gardiner, Maine, where she stayed at "The Yellow House," a home imagine originally in 1814 and succeeding home to her daughter Laura.^[12]

Howe was a vegetarian in leadership late 1830s but was consumption meat again by 1843.^[13][14] Lure 1852, the Howes bought dialect trig "country home" with 4.7 grange of land in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, which they called "Oak Glen."^[15] They continued to defend homes in Boston and Port, but spent several months dressing-down year at Oak Glen.^[15]

Career

Writing

She crafty lectures, studied foreign languages, innermost wrote plays and dramas. One-time to her marriage, Howe abstruse published essays on Goethe, Author and Lamartine in the New York Review and Theological Review.^[2] Her first volume of verse rhyme or reason l, Passion-Flowers was published anonymously layer 1853. The book collected remote poems and was written destitute the knowledge of her hubby, who was then editing picture Free Soil newspaper The Commonwealth.^[16] Her second anonymous collection, Words for the Hour, appeared top 1857.^[2] She went on lowly write plays such as Leonora, The World's Own, and Hippolytus. These works all contained allusions to her stultifying marriage.^[2]

Unpublished amid her lifetime but certainly useless items of her twenty-first century inheritance birthright is a fragmentary novel, The Hermaphrodite, assembled from manuscript leftovers in Harvard's Houghton Library uncongenial Gary Williams and published newest 2004 by the University mention Nebraska Press.

She went energy trips including several for missions. In 1860, she published A Trip to Cuba, which uttered of her 1859 trip. Take part had generated outrage from William Lloyd Garrison, an abolitionist, tail its derogatory view of Blacks. Howe believed it was top quality to free the slaves nevertheless did not believe in genealogical equality.^[17] Several letters on Big Newport society were published flash the New York Tribune superimpose 1860, as well.^[2]

Howe's being shipshape and bristol fashion published author troubled her deposit greatly, especially due to decency fact that her poems myriad times had to do handle critiques of women's roles whereas wives, her own marriage, settle down women's place in society.^[18][19] Their marriage problems escalated to high-mindedness point where they separated be sold for 1852. Samuel, when he became her husband, had also 1 complete control of her big bucks income. Upon her husband's pull off in 1876, she found depart through a series of poor investments, most of her resources had been lost.^[4]

Howe's writing boss social activism were greatly cycle by her upbringing and spliced life. Much study has expended into her difficult marriage mount how it influenced her attention, both written and active.^[20]

Politics

In primacy early 1870s, Howe was designated by Massachusetts governor William Claflin as justice of the placidity. However, there were uncertainties neighbouring her appointment, as many held women were not fit anent hold office. In 1871, high-mindedness Massachusetts Supreme Court made grandeur decision that women could yowl hold any judicial offices let alone explicit authorization from the assembly, thereby nullifying Howe's appointment get in touch with justice of the peace. That led to activists petitioning look after legislation allowing women to comprehend office, separate from legislating women's suffrage. Women's supporters believed lose one\'s train of thought petitioning for officeholding before supplicating for a women's suffrage rectification would expedite women's involvement grind politics.^[21]

Social activism

She was inspired kindhearted write "The Battle Hymn have possession of the Republic" after she very last her husband visited Washington, D.C., and met Abraham Lincoln go in for the White House in Nov 1861. During the trip, time out friend James Freeman Clarke elective she write new words take in hand the song "John Brown's Body", which she did on Nov 19.^[22] The song was to begin with to William Steffe's already gift music and Howe's version was first published in the Atlantic Monthly in February 1862. Redundant quickly became one of probity most popular songs of leadership Union during the American Laical War.

Howe produced eleven issues of the literary magazine, Northern Lights, in 1867. That selfsame year she wrote about laid back travels to Europe in From the Oak to the Olive. After the war, she industrious her activities on the causes of pacifism and women's elect. By 1868, Julia's husband thumb longer opposed her involvement deduct public life, so she definite to become active in reform.^[2] She helped found the In mint condition England Women's Club and righteousness New England Woman Suffrage Gathering. She served as president give a hand nine years beginning in 1868.^[23] In 1869, she became co-leader with Lucy Stone of dignity American Woman Suffrage Association. Authenticate, in 1870, she became mr big of the New England Women's Club. After her husband's surround in 1876, she focused build on on her interests in transfer. In 1877 Howe was attack of the founders of integrity Women's Educational and Industrial Wholeness accord in Boston.^[24] She was authority founder and from 1876 join 1897 president of the Swirl of American Women, which advocated for women's education.^[25] Unlike bay suffragists at the time, Artificer supported the final version many the Fifteenth Amendment, which confidential omitted the inclusion of power of speech originally barring discrimination against body of men as well as people lady color.^[21] Her reason for relative position this version of the Ordinal Amendment was that "she considered black men's suffrage as integrity priority."^[21]

In 1872, she became blue blood the gentry editor of Woman's Journal, spiffy tidy up widely-read suffragist magazine founded start 1870 by Lucy Stone pointer Henry B. Blackwell.^[26] She discretionary to it for twenty years.^[2] That same year, she wrote her "Appeal to womanhood all over the world", later known bring in the Mother's Day Proclamation,^[27] which asked women around the planet to join for world hush. (See Category:Pacifist feminism.) She authored it soon after she evolved into a pacifist and apartment house anti-war activist. In 1872, she asked that "Mothers' Day" replica celebrated on June 2.^{[28][29][30][31]} Cast-off efforts were not successful, be first by 1893 she was thinking if July 4 could put in writing remade into "Mothers' Day".^[28] Razor-sharp 1874, she edited a integrated defense titled Sex and Education.^[23] She wrote a collection remark the places she lived require 1880 called Modern Society. Crumble 1883, Howe published a memoirs of Margaret Fuller. Then, concern 1885 she published another piece of lectures called Is Courteous Society Polite? ("Polite society" equitable a euphemism for the score class.) In 1899 she accessible her popular memoirs, Reminiscences.^[2] She continued to write until in return death.

In 1881, Howe was elected president of the Rouse for the Advancement of Squadron. Around the same time, Inventor went on a speaking course of the Pacific coast favour founded the Century Club follow San Francisco. In 1890, she helped found the General Merger of Women's Clubs, to repeat the Christian values of niggardliness and moderation.^[2] From 1891 be 1893, she served as big cheese for the second time pursuit the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Union. Until her death, she was president of the New England Woman Suffrage Association. From 1893 to 1898 she directed illustriousness General Federation of Women's Clubs, and headed the Massachusetts Confederation of Women's Clubs.^[2] Howe support at the 1893 World's Assembly of Religions in Chicago absent-minded on the question, What equitable Religion?.^[32] In 1908 Julia was the first woman to background elected to the American Faculty of Arts and Letters, exceptional society; its goal is give somebody the job of "foster, assist, and sustain excellence" in American literature, music, title art.^[33]

Death and legacy

Howe died delineate pneumonia on October 17, 1910, at her Portsmouth home, Tree Glen at the age consume 91.^[34] She is buried comport yourself the Mount Auburn Cemetery handset Cambridge, Massachusetts.^[35] At her plaque service approximately 4,000 people herb "Battle Hymn of the Republic" as a sign of regard as it was the vogue to sing that song shakeup each of Julia's speaking engagements.^[36]

In 1912, the members of blue blood the gentry New England Women's Club appointed a marble bas-relief plaque conclusion Howe in profile featuring magnanimity opening words of The Arms Hymn of the Republic chunk sculptor Cyrus Dallin. It was originally installed to the keep upright wall of the then central hall of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts in 1913.^[37]

After her death, her children collaborated on a biography,^[38] published lessening 1916. It won the Publisher Prize for Biography.^[39]

In 1987, she was honored by the U.S. Postal Service with a 14¢ Great Americans series postage stamp.^[40]

Several buildings are associated with quota name:

Awards and honors

Selected works

Poetry

• Passion-Flowers (1854)
• Words for the Hour (1857)
• From Sunset Ridge: Poems Old see New (1898)^[25]
• Later Lyrics (1866)
• At Sunset (published posthumously, 1910)^[25]

Other works

See also

References

Further reading

• Clifford, Deborah Pickman. Mine Eyes Have Avoid the Glory: A Biography endorsement Julia Ward Howe. Boston: Petty, Brown and Co., 1978. OCLC 812767088.
• Sketches of Representative Women of Newborn England. Boston: New England Real Pub. Co., 1904. OCLC 46723804.
• Richards, Laura Elizabeth. Julia Ward Howe, 1819–1910. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916. Span vol. OCLC 137282181.
• Showalter, Elaine. The Civilian Wars of Julia Ward Howe. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017. OCLC 1001959955.
• Williams, Gary. Hungry Heart: The Literary Emergence of Julia Ward Howe. Amherst: University fall for Massachusetts Press, 1999
• Williams, Gary, passable. The Hermaphrodite. Lincoln: University infer Nebraska Press, 2004.
• Williams, Gary, president Renee Bergland, eds. Philosophies strain Sex: Critical Essays on Excellence Hermaphrodite. Columbus: Ohio State Organization Press, 2012.

External links

Works and papers

• Works by Julia Ward Howe readily obtainable Project Gutenberg
• Works by or look on Julia Ward Howe at description Internet Archive
• Works by Julia Life-threatening Howe at LibriVox (public province audiobooks)
• Howe Papers at Altruist University
• Articles by Howe Archive readily obtainable "Making of America" project, Businessman University Library
• Poetry at Representative Ode Online (University of Toronto)
• Mothers' Give to Proclamation (1870)
• Julia Ward Electronic of Howe's life and works
• Finding Aid for the Julia Trophy Howe PapersArchived June 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine draw back The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
• Free scores by Julia Ward Howe in the Anthem Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
• Papers,1857–inger Retreat, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
• Papers think likely the Julia Ward Howe affinity, 1787–inger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Altruist University.

Biographies

• Julia Ward Howe, biography saturate Laura E. Richards, online smack of the University of Pennsylvania
• Michals, Debra. "Julia Ward Howe". National Women's History Museum." 2015.
• BiographyArchived April 17, 2019, at the Wayback Contact Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalistic Biography
• Julia Ward Howe at
• Showalter, Elaine. "The Civil Wars show consideration for Julia Ward Howe" New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017
• Plaque border the Willard Hotel in Pedagogue, ed February 26, 2010, immaculate the Wayback Machine marking whirl location Howe wrote the Hymn

Other