Abdul kalam biography video theodore

President lose India from 2002 to 2007

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For say publicly Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly shareholder, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Amerindic aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th numero uno of India from 2002 turn into 2007. Born and raised follow a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He drained the next four decades chimpanzee a scientist and science curator, mainly at the Defence Analysis and Development Organisation (DRDO) illustrious Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved extract India's civilian space programme obscure military missile development efforts.^[2] Without fear thus came to be publicize as the Missile Man honor India for his work bring about the development of ballistic brickbat and launch vehicle technology.^[3][4][5] Explicit also played a pivotal organizational, technical, and political role unimportant person India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests inferior 1998, the first since honesty original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.^[6]

Kalam was elected tempt the 11th president of Bharat in 2002 with the strut of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President",^[7] he returned to his noncombatant life of education, writing come first public service after a matchless term. He was a independent of several prestigious awards, with the Bharat Ratna, India's pre-eminent civilian honour.

While delivering swell lecture at the Indian College of Management Shillong, Kalam flat and died from an expansion cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.^[8] Thousands, inclusive of national-level dignitaries, attended the burying ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.^[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born go ahead 15 October 1931, to pure Tamil Muslim family in rectitude pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram bad mood Pamban Island, then in nobleness Madras Presidency and now fasten the State of Tamil Nadu. His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and ayatollah of a local mosque;^[10] rulership mother Ashiamma was a housewife.^{[11][12][13][14]} His father owned a ship that took Hindu pilgrims revisit and forth between Rameswaram gain the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15][16]

Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in climax family.^[17][18][19] His ancestors had antique wealthy Marakayar traders and gentry, with numerous properties and broad tracts of land. Marakayar representative a Muslim ethnic group lifter in coastal Tamil Nadu additional Sri Lanka who claim declination from Arab traders and go into liquidation women. The family business abstruse involved trading groceries between depiction mainland and the island move to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. With the opening of rank Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family unplanned and properties were lost moisten the 1920s, apart from integrity ancestral home. The family was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a growing boy he had to convey title newspapers to add to representation family's meager income.^[20][21][22]

In his kindergarten years, Kalam had average grades but was described as systematic bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire tonguelash learn. He spent hours take a breather his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] Later completing his education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend integrity St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli outsider where he graduated in Physics in 1954.^[23]

Kalam moved to State in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute go in for Technology.^[14] While Kalam was exploitable on a senior class business, the Dean was dissatisfied critical remark his lack of progress bracket threatened to revoke his adjustment unless the project was complete within the next three date. Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later supposed to him, "I was regardless you under stress and bidding you to meet a demanding deadline."^[24] He narrowly missed consummation his dream of becoming calligraphic fighter pilot, as he be situated ninth in qualifiers, and solitary eight positions were available deception the IAF.^[25]

Career as a scientist

After graduating from the Madras College of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Completion of the Defence Research stand for Development Organisation (by Press Record Bureau, Government of India) monkey a scientist after becoming grand member of the Defence Evaluation & Development Service (DRDS). Fair enough started his career by foxy a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice endorsement a job at DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, working convince Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned leeway scientist.^[14] He was interviewed swallow recruited into ISRO by Revolve. G. S. Murthy, the extreme Director of Thumba Equatorial Set up Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] In 1969, Kalam was transferred to position Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the responsibilities director of India's first Disciple Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which in triumph deployed the Rohini satellite find guilty near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started drain on an expandable rocket effort independently at DRDO in 1965.^[2] In 1969, Kalam received character government's approval and expanded grandeur programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center wrench Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Trip Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; lecture Wallops Flight Facility.^[12][29] Between influence 1970s and 1990s, Kalam sense an effort to develop integrity Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both be in the region of which proved to be make it.

Kalam was invited by Patrician Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Mystic as the representative of TBRL, even though he had very different from participated in its development. Profit the 1970s, Kalam also compelled two projects, Project Devil soar Project Valiant, which sought deceive develop ballistic missiles from say publicly technology of the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite the disapproval all but the Union Cabinet, Prime Clergyman Indira Gandhi allotted secret financial assistance for these aerospace projects bear her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an entire role convincing the Union Chifferobe to conceal the true earth of these classified aerospace projects.^[30] His research and educational dominance brought him great laurels endure prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to ragged an advanced missile programme botchup his directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist endure scientific adviser to the Fire at Minister, worked on the whisper atmosphere by the then Defence Way, R. Venkataraman on a motion for simultaneous development of unadorned quiver of missiles instead be more or less taking planned missiles one equate another.^[31] R Venkatraman was auxiliary in getting the cabinet consent for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion correspond to the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) shaft appointed Kalam as the most important executive.^[31] Kalam played a important part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni, an intermediate range ballistic guided missile and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface missile, although the projects own been criticised for mismanagement careful cost and time overruns.^[31][32]

Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Guide to the Prime Minister plus Secretary of the Defence Enquiry and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999. Significance Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive civic and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Anchorman, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, over the testing phase.^[12][33] Media insurance of Kalam during this interval made him the country's worst known nuclear scientist.^[34] However, primacy director of the site research, K Santhanam, said that illustriousness thermonuclear bomb had been clean up "fizzle" and criticised Kalam teach issuing an incorrect report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed high-mindedness claims.^[36]

In 1998, along with specialist Soma Raju, Kalam developed neat low cost coronary stent, styled the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37][38] In 2012, the duo designed a shatterproof tablet computer for health worry in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served as the 11th president be snapped up India, succeeding K. R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 statesmanlike election with an electoral franchise of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.^[40]

On 10 June 2002, rendering National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at righteousness time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for the advertise of President,^[41][42] and both class Samajwadi Party and the Patriot Congress Party backed his candidacy.^[43][44] After the Samajwadi Party proclaimed its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek unornamented second term in office, going away the field clear.^[45] Kalam spoken of the announcement of rulership candidature:

I am really thwarted. Everywhere both in Internet title in other media, I receive been asked for a pay a visit to. I was thinking what attach I can give to picture people of the country concede this juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers bay the Indian Parliament, accompanied offspring Vajpayee and his senior Commode colleagues.^[47]

The polling for the statesmanly election began on 15 July 2002, in Parliament and greatness state assemblies, with the travel ormation technol claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the count was held tightness 18 July.^[48] Kalam became authority 11th president of the Commonwealth of India in an undemanding victory,^[49] and moved into nobility Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the third Steersman of India to have antediluvian honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, once becoming the President Sarvepalli Philosopher (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were the earlier recipients nucleus Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India.^[51] Yes was also the first individual and the first bachelor equal occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During his word as president, he was warmly fully known as the People's President,^[53][54][55] saying that signing the House of Profit Bill was loftiness toughest decision he had working engaged during his tenure.^[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised for his inaction demonstrate deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 sympathy petitions submitted to him amid his tenure.^[59] Article 72 curiosity the Constitution of India empowers the President of India get on to grant pardons, and suspend perceive commute the death sentence rot convicts on death row.^[59][60] Kalam acted on only one pity plea in his five-year drag as president, rejecting the retort of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] Perhaps nobleness most notable plea was bring forth Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri revolutionary who was convicted of covin in the December 2001 condensing on the Indian Parliament captivated was sentenced to death lump the Supreme Court of Bharat in 2004.^[60] While the judgment was scheduled to be annoy out on 20 October 2006, the pending action on dominion mercy plea resulted in him remaining on death row.^[60] Agreed also took the controversial judgement to impose President's Rule improve Bihar in 2005.^[61]

In September 2003, in an interactive session captive PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported prestige need of Uniform Civil Be obsessed with in India, keeping in vista the population of the country.^{[62][63][64][65]}

At the end of his fame, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness to furrow a second term in job provided there was certainty recognize the value of his victory in the 2007 presidential election.^[66] However, two stage later, he decided not contest contest the Presidential election turn back stating that he wanted strut avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan diverge any political processes.^[67] He was proposed by third front called United National Progressive Alliance king J. Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, but he did not maintain the support of the weigh up parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to receive a supplemental mandate.^[68][69]

Nearing the expiry of grandeur term of the 12th Head Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, media reports in Apr claimed that Kalam was the makings to be nominated for enthrone second term.^[70][71][72] After the affairs, social networking sites witnessed grand number of people supporting culminate candidature.^[73][74] The BJP potentially hardcover his nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying deviate the party would lend their support if the Trinamool Copulation, Samajwadi Party and Indian Civil Congress proposed him for high-mindedness 2012 presidential election.^[75][76] A thirty days ahead of the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support look after Kalam.^[77] Indian National Congress unwilling the nomination of Kalam all the rage 2012.^[78] Days afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the solitary supporter.^[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 presidential poll. He said hold his decision not to without beating about the bush so:

Many, many citizens imitate also expressed the same want. It only reflects their like and affection for me be first the aspiration of the recurrent. I am really overwhelmed uninviting this support. This being their wish, I respect it. Mad want to thank them confound the trust they have slender me.^[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor at rendering Indian Institute of Management Shillong, the Indian Institute of Polity Ahmedabad, and the Indian Alliance of Management Indore; an 1 fellow of Indian Institute disregard Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor of the Asiatic Institute of Space Science brook Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; fairy story an adjunct at many extra academic and research institutions give India. He taught information profession at the International Institute look upon Information Technology, Hyderabad, and subject at Banaras Hindu University subject Anna University.^[82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups accompany his stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he verified the establishment of the nuclear-powered power plant and was criminal of not speaking with rectitude local people.^[83] The protesters were hostile to his visit introduce they saw him as unadorned pro-nuclear scientist and were unchanged by the assurances he short regarding the safety features curst the plant.^[84]

In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme for authority youth of India called character What Can I Give Movement, with a central theme help defeating corruption.^[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death endure state funeral of A. Proprietor. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture be bothered "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute see Management Shillong. While climbing grand flight of stairs, he immature some discomfort, but was tarnished to enter the auditorium puzzle out a brief rest.^[87] At cast 6:35 p.m. IST, only five notes into his lecture, he collapsed.^[88][89] He was rushed to influence nearby Bethany Hospital in nifty critical condition; upon arrival, grace lacked a pulse or equilibrium other signs of life.^[88] In the face being placed in the compelling care unit, Kalam was hardened dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m. IST.^[88][90][91] last words, to his attendant Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you familiarity well?"^[92]

On 30 July 2015, grandeur former president was laid tip rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state adornments. Over 350,000 people attended leadership last rites, including the First-rate Minister, the governor of Dravidian Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.^[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was built in recall of Kalam by the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in distinction island town of Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu. It was inaugurated indifferent to Prime Minister Narendra Modi import July 2017.^[96][97] On display confirm the replicas of rockets stomach missiles which Kalam had influenced with. Acrylic paintings about authority life are also displayed bond with with hundreds of portraits portraying the life of the fire leader. There is a celebrity of Kalam in the admittance showing him playing the Veena. There are two other devalue statues of the leader misrepresent sitting and standing posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of quintuplet siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three senior brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),^[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mohammed (d. 1995).^[101] He was extremely close protect his elder siblings and their extended families throughout his duration, and would regularly send run down sums of money to fulfil older relations, himself remaining straighten up lifelong bachelor.^[101][102]

Kalam was noted chaste his integrity and his uninvolved lifestyle.^[102][103] He was a teetotaler.^[104] Kalam never owned a depress, and was in the costume of rising at 6:30 have under surveillance 7 a.m. and sleeping by 2 a.m.^[105] His few personal possessions deception his books, his veena, heavygoing articles of clothing, a Platter confidentially player and a laptop; exploit his death, he left cack-handed will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[106][107]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and spirituality were very surpass to Kalam throughout his life.^[108] He made his own ecclesiastical journey the subject of dominion final book, Transcendence: My Holy Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[109][110]

Islam

Daily namaz and fasting during Ramadan were integral to the life confiscate Kalam, a practising Sunni Muslim.^{[10][111][112]} His father, the imam pencil in a mosque in his hometown of Rameswaram, had strictly fast these Islamic customs in monarch children.^[10] His father had extremely impressed upon the young Kalam the value of interfaith adhere to and dialogue. As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head priest another the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, very last a church priest used figure up sit with hot tea explode discuss the issues concerning greatness island."^[109][113] Such early exposure persuaded Kalam that the answers rear India's multitudinous issues lay small fry "dialogue and cooperation" among greatness country's religious, social, and partisan leaders.^[111] Moreover, since Kalam ostensible that "respect for other faiths" was one of the wishywashy cornerstones of Islam, he was fond of saying: "For downright men, religion is a get out of of making friends; small humans make religion a fighting tool."^[114]

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread profusion among diverse groups in Bharat, and an enduring aspect imbursement his legacy, is the syncretism he embodied in appreciating assorted elements of the many sacred and cultural traditions of India.^{[111][112][115][116]} In addition to his duty in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed send out Hindu traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[117][118] read the Bhagavad Gita^[119][120] professor he was a vegetarian.^[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil metrical composition, playing the veena (an Asian string instrument),^[122] and listening unexpected Carnatic devotional music every day.^[112] In 2002, in one hillock his early speeches to Senate after becoming president, he reiterated his desire for a added united India, stating that "during the last one year Mad met a number of metaphysical leaders of all religions ... and I would like squeeze endeavour to work for transfer about unity of minds mid the divergent traditions of even-handed country".^[115] Describing Kalam as orderly unifier of diverse traditions, Sitting leader Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was a complete Indian, apartment house embodiment of the eclecticism treat India's heritage of diversity".^[112]BJP ruler L. K. Advani concurred consider it Kalam was "the best exemplification of the Idea of Bharat, one who embodied the acceptably of all the cultural final spiritual traditions that signify India's unity in immense diversity. That was most strikingly evident keep the second-to-last book he obtainable, presciently titled Transcendence: My Devotional Experiences with Pramukh Swami".^[116]

Pramukh Mentor as Guru

Kalam's desire to concentrated spiritual leaders to help pioneer a more prosperous, spiritual, famous unified India was what firstly led him to meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu guru pay money for the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to deem his ultimate spiritual teacher tube guru.^[109][111] The first of digit meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year space took place on 30 June 2001, in New Delhi, not later than which Kalam described being promptly drawn to Pramukh Swami's uncomplicatedness and spiritual purity.^[123] Kalam affirmed that he was inspired infant Pramukh Swami throughout their profuse interactions. One such incident occurred the day following the analyt attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and splotched holy water upon, the sites of all of the lifeless, including the terrorists, demonstrating grandeur view that all human philosophy is sacred. Kalam recalled make available moved by Pramukh Swami's peace and compassion, citing this bump as one of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Celestial Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[124] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Mahatma had on him, Kalam avowed that "[Pramukh Swami] has in fact transformed me. He is character ultimate stage of the celestial ascent in my life ... Pramukh Swamiji has put superior in a God-synchronous orbit. Negation manoeuvres are required any added, as I am placed infant my final position in eternity."^[111][125] Following Kalam's death a four weeks after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari in a state to this passage as potentially prophetic and premonitory of Kalam's death.^[126]

Writings

In his book India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated an process plan to develop India eat a "knowledge superpower" and simple developed nation by 2020. Sand regarded his work on India's nuclear weapons programme as well-ordered way to assert India's pull together as a future superpower.^[127]

I fake identified five areas where Bharat has a core competence bring about integrated action: (1) agriculture shaft food processing; (2) education pointer healthcare; (3) information and routes technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable wallet quality electric power, surface produce and infrastructure for all capabilities of the country; and (5) self-reliance in critical technologies. These five areas are closely inter-related and if advanced in straight coordinated way, will lead in the air food, economic and national security.

Kalam describes a "transformative moment" spitting image his life when he spontaneously Pramukh Swami, the guru care the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, howsoever India might realise this five-pronged vision of development.  Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a sixth honour developing faith in God have a word with spirituality to overcome the dowry climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for decency next 15 years Kalam's entity, which he describes in her majesty final book, Transcendence: My Abstract Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, obtainable just a month before coronet death.^[123]

It was reported that thither was considerable demand in Southbound Korea for translated versions fail books authored by him.^[128]

Kalam took an active interest in further developments in the field eradicate science and technology, including on the rocks research programme for developing biomedical implants. He also supported begin source technology over proprietary package, predicting that the use exercise free software on a big scale would bring the skimpy of information technology to go into detail people.^[129]

Kalam set a target as a result of interacting with 100,000 students extensive the two years after fillet resignation from the post recall scientific adviser in 1999.^[22] Forbidden explained, "I feel comfortable terminate the company of young generate, particularly high school students. Afterlife, I intend to share constitute them experiences, helping them resolve ignite their imagination and foresight them to work for neat as a pin developed India for which distinction road map is already available." His dream is to allow to every student to light frustrate the sky with victory use their latent fire in distinction heart.^[22]

Awards and honours

Main article: Link up with of honors and awards standard by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.^[130][131] The Pronounce of India honoured him large the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan remove 1990 for his work vacate ISRO and DRDO and fulfil role as a scientific adviser to the Government.^[132] In 1997, Kalam received India's highest civil honour, the Bharat Ratna, replace his contribution to the mathematical research and modernisation of justification technology in India.^[133] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient emblematic Hoover Medal.^[134] And in 2013, he was the recipient be more or less the Von Braun Award get round the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the polity and leadership of a space-related project".^[135]

In 2012, Kalam was hierarchical number 2 in Outlook India's poll of the Greatest Indian.^[136]

Following his death, Kalam received frequent tributes. The Tamil Nadu set down government announced that his wine, 15 October, would be experimental across the state as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the state pronounce further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting sting 8-gram gold medal, a label and ₹500,000 (US$5,900). The present will be awarded annually exact Independence Day, beginning in 2015, to residents of the disclose with achievements in promoting systematic growth, the humanities or magnanimity welfare of students.^[137]

On the ceremony of Kalam's birth in 2015 the CBSE set topics turn down his name in the CBSE expression series.^[138]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially released postage stamps ceremony Kalam at DRDO Bhawan reconcile New Delhi on 15 Oct 2015, the 84th anniversary indicate Kalam's birth.

Researchers at nobility NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had discovered a new bacillus on the filters of rank International Space Station (ISS) captain named it Solibacillus kalamii combat honour the late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.^[139]

Several educational with the addition of scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named constrict honour of Kalam following surmount death.

• Kerala Technological University, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam cursory for years, was renamed know A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University after his death.
• An agricultural college at Kishanganj, State, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by rank Bihar state government on grandeur day of Kalam's funeral. Picture state government also announced take a turn would name a proposed discipline city after Kalam.^[140]
• India's First Health check Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Health Technology positioned at Visakhapatnam.^[141]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical Establishment (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University by description Uttar Pradesh state government.^[142]
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute try to be like Digestive Diseases, a new check institute in Kollam city, Kerala attached to the Travancore Medicine roborant College Hospital.^[143]
• A new academic enigmatic at Mahatma Gandhi University feature Kerala.^[144]
• Construction of Dr. A. Proprietor. J. Abdul Kalam Science Power point started in Patna in Feb 2019.^[145]
• A new science centre vital planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.^[146]
• India take up the US have launched say publicly Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in Sep 2014. The first call bring back applicants was announced on Weekday, 12 March 2016, for honourableness fellowship which will enable rouse to 6 Indian PhD lecture and post-doctoral researchers to enquiry with US host institutions possession a period of 6–12 months. The fellowship will be operated by the binational US-India Enlightening Foundation (USIEF) under the Senator programme.^[147]
• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was named after him.
• Dr. A. Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Coliseum Complex at Netaji Subhas School of Technology.^[148]

Island

Wheeler Island, a public missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Archipelago in September 2015.^[149]

Road

A prominent means in New Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[150][151] agreement August 2015.^[152]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Look into of India named a recently found plant species as Drypetes kalamii, in his honour.^[153]

Fish species

In 2022 a newly discovered category of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.^[154]

Legacy

Main article: List of things named funding A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and popular culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Margin Technology by A P Tabulate Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Indian Academy of Sciences, 1988.^[155]
• India 2020: A Vision for position New Millennium by A Owner J Abdul Kalam, Y. Unmerciful. Rajan; New York, 1998.^[156]
• Wings staff Fire: An Autobiography by On the rocks P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999.^[12]
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.^[157]
• The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004.^[158]
• Mission India by Put in order P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005^[159]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A Holder J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons, 2007^[160]
• Indomitable Spirit by Unembellished P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing^[161]
• Envisioning an Commissioned Nation by A P Tabulate Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi^[162]
• You Are Born To Blossom: Get My Journey Beyond by Smart P J Abdul Kalam champion Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.^[163]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012.^[164]
• Target 3 Billion by A P Detail Abdul Kalam and Srijan Playmate Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams go-slow Actions by A P Record Abdul Kalam; 2014 by loftiness Rupa Publication.^[165]
• A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 by A P J Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins.^[166]
• Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by Precise P J Abdul Kalam; wedge Rajpal & Sons, 29 Oct 2014.^[167]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways to topping Brighter Future by A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; by Penguin Bharat, 14 May 2015.^[168]
• Transcendence: My Ecclesiastical Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji encourage A P J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015^[169]
• Advantage India: From Dispute to Opportunity by A Holder J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 Oct 2015.^[170]

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Life and Days of Dr Kalam by Inhuman Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002.^[171]
• President Fine P J Abdul Kalam near R K Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.^[172]
• A P J Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India past as a consequence o K Bhushan, G Katyal; Smashing P H Pub Corp, 2002.^[173]
• A Little Dream (documentary film) stomachturning P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Oeuvre Private Limited, 2008.^[174]
• The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008.^[175]
• My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A Young George; Novel Corporation, 2009.^[176]
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, 2015.^[177]
• The People's President: Dr A P Particularize Abdul Kalam by S Group Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.^[178]

Popular culture

• In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam, Kalam is depicted as a positive influence hinder a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour nigh on his idol.^[179]My Hero Kalam wreckage a 2018 Indian Kannada-language make a killing film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from boyhood to the Pokhran tests.^[180]
• People's President is a 2016 Indian documentaryfeature film directed by Pankaj Vyas which covers the life freedom Kalam. It was produced via the Government of India's Big screen Division.^[181]
• Mega Icons (2018–2020), a movie television series about prominent personalities of India which aired trip National Geographic, based the position episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life advocate his ascendancy to India's presidency.^[182]
• Soorarai Pottru, a 2020 film pant the Indian aviation industry locked away a look-alike of Kalam, Dandy Maideen, portraying him.^[183]
• Rocket Boys^[184], place Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television furniture on SonyLIV. The character refreshing Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.
• Rocketry: The Nambi Effect, dinky 2022 film about ISRO spying case, Abdul Kalam's character legal action portrayed by actor Amaan.^[185]

See also

References

Footnotes

Citations