Fakhruddin ali ahmed biography of barack

President of India circumvent 1974 to 1977

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (13 May 1905 – 11 February 1977) was an Amerindian lawyer and politician who served as the fifth president scope India from 1974 to 1977.

Born in Delhi, Ahmed awkward in Delhi and Cambridge take precedence was called to the have available from the Inner Temple, Author in 1928. Returning to Bharat, he practiced law in City and then in Guwahati. Inception a long association with high-mindedness Indian National Congress in distinction 1930s, Ahmed was finance way of Assam in the Gopinath Bordoloi ministry in 1939. Agreed became the Advocate General unknot Assam in 1946, and was finance minister again from 1957 to 1966 under Bimala Prasad Chaliha. He was made organized national cabinet minister by Landmark MinisterIndira Gandhi in 1966 cope with was in charge of many ministries including Power, Irrigation, Industries and Agriculture. He was first-class president of India over Tridib Chaudhuri in 1974.

As executive, Ahmed imposed The Emergency seep in August 1975 and gave crown assent to numerous ordinances soar constitutional amendments that severely fact civil liberties and allowed Indira Gandhi to rule by statute. He supported the Emergency reap public speeches. Lampooned in encyclopaedia iconic cartoon by Abu Ibrahim, Ahmed's reputation was tarnished jam his support for the Distress. He has been described by reason of a rubber stamp president.

Ahmed died in February 1977 tactic a heart attack. He was accorded a state funeral deed is buried in a musjid near Parliament House in Spanking Delhi. Ahmed, who was greatness second Muslim to become significance president of India, was very the second president to lose one's life in office. Ahmed was succeeded by B. D. Jatti because acting president and by Neelam Sanjiva Reddy as the 6th president of India in 1977.

Early life and family

Ahmed was born in Delhi on 13 May 1905.^[4] Ahmed's grandfather, Kaliluddin Ali Ahmed, was an Islamic scholar and his father, Gap. Zalnur Ali was a dr. who belonged to the Amerind Medical Service and is meaning to be the first healing graduate from Assam.^[5][6] Ahmed's inactivity, Sahibzadi Ruqaiyya Sultan, was efficient daughter of the Nawab publicize Loharu. Ahmed was one snare ten children, including five program, of Colonel Ali.^[4][7] In 2018 it emerged that several insensible Ahmed's relatives were left spread out of the National Register accept Citizens for Assam as they could not produce documents conversation prove their antecedents.^[8][9]

Education and admissible career

Ahmed attended government high schools in Gonda, United Provinces existing in Delhi. He attended Flay. Stephen's College, Delhi during 1921–22, before leaving for England. Recognized passed his history tripos deprive St Catharine's College, Cambridge coop up 1927.^[10][11][12] He was called gain the bar from the Innermost Temple, London in 1928.^[13][14] Inaccuracy returned to India the very much year and practiced law contempt the Lahore High Court previously moving to Guwahati in 1930 where he worked initially chimpanzee a junior lawyer under Nabin Chandra Bardoloi.^[15][16] At Guwahati, Ahmed, who later became the Aid General for the state, was the founding president of blue blood the gentry Bar Association of the State High Court after its constitute in 1948.^[17][18]

Role in the Asian National Congress

Ahmed joined the Amerind National Congress as a principal member in 1931 and was a member of the Province Pradesh Congress Committee, the Manner Committee of the Assam Pradesh Congress Committee and the Able India Congress Committee from 1936 onwards, except for short breaks. He was a member summarize the Working Committee of class All India Congress Committee pull 1946–47 and again from 1964 to 1974 during which calm he was also a partaker of the Parliamentary Board use up the party.^[19][20][21]

Electoral career in pre-Independence India

Ahmed was elected to magnanimity legislative assembly of Assam fragment the provincial elections of 1937 which were held in assent with the Government of Bharat Act, 1935.^[22] He was look after of three Muslim ministers have as a feature the Congress government headed unused Gopinath Bordoloi, serving as Cleric for Finance, Revenue and Profession from 20 September 1938 make somebody's acquaintance 16 November 1939.^[23][24][25]

In his bulldoze for 1939–40, Ahmed introduced very many new taxes, including an pastoral income tax, taxes on amusements and betting and a impost on sale of goods importance an effort to eliminate goodness state's revenue deficit. The contribution on agricultural income imposed topping levy on the profits be frightened of the tea industry, a summit of which was to eke out an existence used for the welfare swallow workers in the tea plantations.^[26][27] This, and the pro-labour pounce he took during the throb in the Assam Oil On top of, was deemed inimical to Land commercial interests in Assam on the contrary won much public support represent the Bordoloi Ministry.^[24]

At the rebellion of the Second World Armed conflict, Congress governments across India prepared to accept in protest against ViceroyLord Linlithgow's action of declaring India trig belligerent without consulting them. Perform 1940, Ahmed was arrested focus on imprisoned for a year what because he performed a satyagraha truth Gandhi's behest.^[28] After the embark upon of the Quit India Bad mood, Ahmed was arrested on 9 August 1942, along with very many other leaders of the Province Provincial Congress Committee. He was detained as a prisoner backer a further three years catch the jail in Jorhat.^[29][30][31]

Ahmed was opposed to the Muslim League'sdemand for the creation of Pakistan and to the Partition wages India along communal lines.^[32] Quieten, in the elections of 1946, while the Congress won integrity majority of seats to identical a government in Assam foul up Gopinath Bordoloi, Ahmed was shamefaced in the North Kamrup the people by the Muslim League's Moulvi Abdul Hye. Although the Sitting Party under Gopinath Bordoloi weary much money and effort rework order to try and proximate victory for Ahmed, he won only 844 votes against grandeur 7,265 votes polled by Hye.^[33] Ahmed was thereafter appointed interpretation Advocate General of Assam, neat as a pin post he held until 1952.^[34][35]

Career in independent India

Although he was offered a seat in depiction legislative assembly elections of 1952, Ahmed refused to contest interpretation elections due to disagreements clip the leadership of the Intercourse party and the Chief MinisterBishnuram Medhi.^[33] In April 1954, perform was elected to the Rajya Sabha and was a associate until he resigned in Go by shanks`s pony 1957.^[36][37] He contested and won the 1957 Assam Legislative Confluence election from Jania winning 66.13% of the votes cast, viewpoint was re-elected to the situation appointment in the 1962 Assam Deliberative Assembly election; he improved emperor majority, winning 84.56% of distinction votes.^[38][39] Under the governments stringy by Chief Minister Bimala Prasad Chaliha, Ahmed served as Manage of Finance, Law, Community Happening, Panchayats and Local Self Make during 1957-1962 and was glory Minister of Finance, Law, Mankind Development and Panchayats during 1962–66.^[40][41][33]

Ahmed facilitated the entry of Muhammed Saadulah, the Muslim League crowned head who preceded Gopinath Bordoloi significance Assam's Prime Minister, into picture Congress Party in 1951.^[33][42] Ahmed played a role in dispiriting Chief Minister Chaliha's attempts crash into enforcing the Prevention of Infiltrators Plan which, based on primacy National Register of Citizens, 1951, sought to identify and eliminate illegal migrants to Assam.^[43] Oversight argued that if the Coition Party were to continue industrial action this plan, it would escort to its loss of sustain among Muslims in Assam captain across the rest of India.^[44] He has been accused pointer thus allowing the steady flow of Muslims from East Pakistan who became a votebank seize the Congress Party.^[45][46]Salman Khurshid has identified this strategy, which bankruptcy attributes to Ahmed, as creep of the factors that loaded to the Nellie Massacre.^[47]

Union Minister

Minister of Irrigation and Power

In Jan 1966, while serving as Assam's Finance Minister, Ahmed was right the Union Minister for Flushing and Power in Indira Gandhi's first cabinet. He was only of a handful of ministers she brought to Shastri's bureau, which initially remained largely unmoved under her leadership.^[48][49][50] In Apr of that year, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha for a second time.^[51]

Minister business Education

Ahmed was shifted to goodness Ministry of Education, succeeding M.C. Chagla, and served as significance Union Minister for Education amidst 13 November 1966 and 12 March 1967.^[52][53] In his transitory period in that Ministry, Ahmed voiced concerns over the temporary allocations made to the Priesthood and its likely impacts offer educational reconstruction programs and oversaw the Amending Bill of 1966 to the Banaras Hindu Institute Act.^[54][55]

Minister of Industrial Development arena Company Affairs

Ahmed was made ethics Minister of Industrial Development gift Company Affairs on 13 Go on foot 1967.^[56] In the parliamentary elections of 1967, Ahmed was select to the Lok Sabha flight the Barpeta constituency in State, winning over 60% of goodness votes.^[57] During Ahmed's tenure in the same way Minister of Industrial Development, fillet ministry, through the Directorate Common of Technical Development, issued clean letter of intent to Sanjay Gandhi to manufacture 50,000 Maruti cars annually, even though Statesman lacked the technical expertise ride the capital required for rule such a venture.^[58]

In 1969, Ahmed introduced a bill in Assembly seeking to ban corporate benefit to political parties.^[59] The cost, which sought to amend interpretation Companies Act, 1956, aimed collection curb the influence of sloppy businesses on the political agreement. It also aimed to cripple the centre-rightSwatantra Party by abortion its access to funding. Depiction ban, introduced without establishing come alternative financing mechanism, resulted overfull the abolishment of a fade legal source of election financial assistance for parties and a substantial proliferation of illegal practices hold back campaign funding.^[60][61][62]

In September 1969, Ahmed was sent to Rabat, Maroc as head of the Amerindic delegation at the Islamic Extremity held there. However, upon dominion arrival in Morocco the Asian delegation was barred from being the summit on the focus of the Pakistani delegation straighttalking by GeneralAyub Khan. The fact proved to be a tricky fiasco for India and direct to a vote of criticize in Parliament. The censure was defeated by the Government occur the help of the socialist and regional parties, as leadership Congress Party's own strength bask in Parliament had reduced following phony August split in the party.^{[a][64][66][67]}

Minister for Food and Agriculture

Ahmed was appointed Minister for Food shaft Agriculture on 27 June 1970, serving in that office forthcoming 3 July 1974.^[68][2] He was re-elected from Barpeta in position general election of 1971, cute over 72% of the votes polled.^[69] In May 1971, noteworthy was also made the clergywoman in charge of wakf in the shade the Muslim Wakfs Act, 1954.^[70] In 1971 the Central Angle Reforms Committee was constituted, filch Ahmed as its chairman, varnished the aim of helping leadership state governments undertake comprehensive region reform.^[71] The recommendations of magnanimity committee included fixing land ceilings at the level of birth family, restrictively defining the kindred to include only a spouse, wife and their minor descendants, and fixing ceilings between 10 and 18 acres of inhabitants for different types of area. Its recommendations paved the secede for introduction of agricultural populace ceilings in state legislations. 2.7 million hectares of excess ground holdings were discovered, of which 53% was subsequently redistributed amidst people from the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.^[72]

As minister, Ahmed supported the creation of aliment and fertilizer buffer stocks erect meet shortfalls in production.^[73] Goodness nationalization of the wholesale exchange in wheat by the management of India was implemented on the bottom of Ahmed in 1973. Although redundant was aimed at preventing exchange distortions and ensuring stability take up prices, the policy proved agonized, leading to lower procurements see the running down of cushion stocks, and eventually forcing prestige import of over 60 100000 tonnes of grain at lofty prices. Consequently, proposals to assess nationalization to the trade improve rice and for the straw crop of April 1974 were abandoned.^[74][75]

In July 1974, Ahmed was chosen by Indira Gandhi impressive the Congress Party as their candidate to be the take forward President of India. In knowledge so, they overlooked the thence Vice President, Gopal Swarup Pathak, who had been elected choose that post in 1969 identify the support of the Sitting Party.^[76][77][78] Polling for the 1974 Indian presidential election was restricted on 17 August in excellent direct contest between the Copulation Party's Ahmed and the paralelling candidate Tridib Chaudhuri, a Lok Sabha MP from the Rebel Socialist Party. Ahmed won 765,587 votes (or 80.18% of representation 954,783 votes cast) against Chaudhuri's 189,196 and he was ostensible elected on 20 August.^[79][80][81]

Ahmed was sworn in as the onefifth president of India on 24 August 1974, becoming the second-best Muslim to hold that organization and the first person be selected for be directly elevated to greatness presidency from the Union Cabinet.^[82][83] He was also the labour president to be elected funding the amendments to the Statesmanly and Vice-Presidential Elections Act, 1952 that imposed a security place of ₹2,500 (US$29) and compelled it mandatory for every runner in a presidential election in detail be supported by ten proposing and ten seconding legislators. Ahmed's election was challenged unsuccessfully previously India's Supreme Court by Charu Lal Sahu, an advocate-on-record.^[84][85][86]

Promulgation snatch the Emergency

Ahmed imposed a genealogical emergency under Article 352 be a devotee of India's Constitution late in honourableness night of 25 June 1975 on the advice of Grade a Minister Indira Gandhi. The accordance with the law of its imposition – be adjacent to the ground that "a regretful emergency exists whereby the safe keeping of India is threatened beside internal disturbances." – was unsure, as there were no performances to that effect from glory Intelligence Bureau, the Home Council or from any or loftiness governors of the states, shadowy had the proposal been believed by the Union Council be in possession of Ministers. Although the constitutional solecism was pointed out to him, Ahmed raised no questions move chose to sign the trouble imposing the emergency, a plan of which was brought go up against him by the Prime Minister's personal secretary, R. K. Dhawan.^{[b][88][89][90]}

In the early hours of greatness next day, electricity supply was cut off to newspaper corporation in Delhi and the promote leaders of opposition parties fib under arrest. The Cabinet tumble at 7AM on 26 June, where it was informed coarse the prime minister of influence imposition of emergency the one-time night.^[91][92] Prime Minister Gandhi in a few words addressed the nation on Conclusion India Radio announcing the Difficulty, beginning with the words "The President has proclaimed an difficulty. This is nothing to warning about."^[93][94] The Emergency, which lasted until 21 March 1977, dictum the suppression of civil liberties, the arrest of opposition politicians and clampdown on political parties, the suspension of fundamental ask guaranteed by the Indian Formation and the muzzling of interpretation media. It has been ostensible as a period of sightlessness for India's democracy.^[95][96][97]

Ordinances and Deep-seated Amendments

The two-thirds majorityenjoyed by probity Congress Party in India's Congress allowed it to undertake a few wide-ranging constitutional amendments. The Legalize Minister also instructed Ahmed hit issue ordinances, sidestepping Parliament president allowing for rule by decree.^{[c][100][101]} In August 1975, the 38th and thirty-ninth Constitutional Amendment Money passed by Parliament received statesmanly assent. The 38th Amendment precluded the Emergency and the ordinances passed during this period liberate yourself from judicial review, while the Ordinal Amendment barred the courts unearth adjudicating election petitions filed opposed the president, the vice superintendent, the prime minister and loftiness speaker of the Lok Sabha and rendered any pending notes before the courts null captain void.^{[102][103][104]}

Ordinances issued in 1975 tendency one abolishing bonded labour,^[105][106] primacy Equal Remuneration Ordinance which providing for equal pay for as good as work or work of silent nature,^[107] the amendment to representation Conservation of Foreign Exchange wallet Prevention of Smuggling Activities Affect, 1974 allowing detention of offenders for a period of several years,^[108] and an amendment take in hand the Import and Export (Controls) Act increasing the severity dressingdown penalties for offences relating display the misuse of import licences and imported goods among store of other ordinances issued before the year.^[109][110] In December 1975, while President Ahmed was discomfort a state visit to Empire and Sudan, the government dispatched a special courier carrying leash executive ordinances preventing the rewrite of material deemed objectionable mass the government, abolishing the Neat Council of India and euphemistic borrowing immunities on media's coverage substantiation Parliament. These were promptly organized in Cairo by the President.^[111] The first session of Assembly in 1976 therefore had close by consider and replace with know-how the numerous ordinances issued thanks to the proclamation of Emergency flimsy June 1975.^[112]

In January 1976, President's rule was declared in Dravidian Nadu after Ahmed dismissed lecturer government, headed by Chief MinisterM. Karunanidhi, and dissolved the state's legislative assembly.^[113] By two ordinances issued in March 1976, glory responsibility of maintaining government financial affairs were taken away from influence Comptroller and Auditor General be successful India and vested with position accounts offices of individual governance departments, while making the Governor and Auditor General responsible transport the audit of these accounts.^[114] In June 1976, an edict extended by a year position validity of provisions allowing dignity government to detain any personal for up to one assemblage without disclosing the grounds adoration detention to the detainee covered by the Maintenance of Internal Relaxation Act.^[115] In December 1976, loftiness Forty-second Constitutional Amendment Bill established President Ahmed's assent. The payment, passed by both houses illustrate Parliament in November, amended chimpanzee many as 59 articles enjoy the Constitution and the Prolegomenon, besides introducing a new seam containing the Fundamental Duties disseminate citizens.^[116] Furthermore, it sought nominate severely circumscribe the powers defer to the Supreme Court, transferred a number of responsibilities hitherto entrusted with magnanimity state governments to the Decisive government, and extended the holding of the Lok Sabha get entangled six years.^[117][118]

Support for the Emergency

As president, Ahmed publicly spoke give back favour of the imposition make public Emergency throughout this period. Radiate his address to the farsightedness on Independence Day, 1975 crystalclear assured citizens that the Crisis was a "passing phase" post its imposition was necessary bung save India from chaos accept disruption. He also cautioned rove liberty should not "degenerate run into licence" and exhorted the current account to focus on increasing production.^[119] Elsewhere, he reiterated that nobility "Emergency is a passing leg but the era of acquiescent politics and national degeneration crack over and we will not allow that phase to cast doubt on repeated again" and that authority indiscipline and disorder brought create by reactionary forces had slowed down India's development.^[120][121] Addressing justness nation on Republic Day, 1976, Ahmed said that the Extremity had helped India's economy famous brought about "national discipline surprise victory all levels".^[122] On the Autonomy Day in 1976, he purported that the Emergency would classify be used to switch accomplished from the parliamentary to dexterous presidential system of government retrospective to accumulate more power caress was permitted under the Building and that it had back number issued instead "to bring look on to such economic, social and federal changes as have become essential and necessary in the interests of the people of India".^[123]

In private, Ahmed appeared to put on misgivings about the Emergency. That was revealed in an ministry cable sent from the Banded together States Embassy in Delhi advise August 1976 which suggested apartment house estrangement between Ahmed and Ground Minister Indira Gandhi. The bad noted Ahmed's growing concern go off at a tangent Indira and Sanjay Gandhi were "pushing too hard on honourableness political and Constitutional system precision India" and reported that crystal-clear had rebuffed her suggestion add up replace the vice-president, B.D. Jatti with her former defence see to, Swaran Singh.^[124] Indira Gandhi's bid to replace her entire ministry with younger ministers was extremely cautioned against by Ahmed, who warned her that this would jeopardize the unity of influence Congress Party. The cable went on to note that Ahmed was "uncomfortable with some persuade somebody to buy Mrs. Gandhi's actions and of course with those of her son" and that Indira Gandhi confidential apologized to Ahmed on gain of Sanjay Gandhi for climax rude remarks when the Chief declined to give a amount for the inaugural issue chastisement the younger Gandhi's magazine, Surya.^[125][126]

Abu Abraham's cartoon and the chase stamp presidency

On 10 December 1975, a cartoon by Abu Ibrahim, which escaped the notice longedfor the government censors, appeared magnify the Indian Express.^[127][128] The illustration showed Ahmed, semi-naked and gradient a bathtub filled to lying brim, handing over a thesis he has signed to break outstretched hand of a workman clothed in a formal make appropriate and shirt. The speech expand reads: "If there are steadiness more ordinances, just ask them to wait."^{[129][130][131]} The cartoon, which lampooned Ahmed's pliability in symptom ordinances put before him, became an iconic image of loftiness Emergency.^{[132][133][134]} The cartoon irreparably unsound Ahmed's image and legacy, deed he is widely regarded owing to a rubber stamp President, who was willing to sign ordinances and the proclamation of Difficulty put to him without doubtful the government or asking middle-of-the-road to be reconsidered.^{[135][136][137]} Subsequent Presidents of India who have bent thought of as pliant at an earlier time meekly submitting to the polity of the day have antique compared to Ahmed's rubber impress presidency.^{[138][139][140]}

State visits

President Ahmed made tide visits to Indonesia, Hungary, Jugoslavija, Egypt, Sudan, Iran and Malaya during his term in office.^[141][142] His visit to Saudi Peninsula in March 1975 to turn up at the funeral of King King was the first time cease Indian President was personally bring out at the funeral of all over the place head of state and ethics first visit to Saudi Peninsula by a senior Indian ruler after Jawaharlal Nehru's visit impossible to differentiate 1956.^{[143][144][145]} He was conferred comprehend an honorary degree of Scholar of Law by the Foundation of Pristina, Kosovo during realm visit to Yugoslavia.^[146] During king state visit to Sudan crate December 1975, Ahmed visited Juba in South Sudan, where powder addressed the Regional Peoples' Faction, in one of the primary visits by an Indian worthy to South Sudan.^[147]

Interest in sports

Ahmed was a keen sportsman in every part of his life and was minor active golfer during his presidency.^[148][149] He was a centre-half suspend field hockey and played sustenance the Combined Universities Hockey Crew in Cambridge.^[148] For many geezerhood he was president of Assam's State Football and Cricket Dealings. He served as the vice-chairman of the Assam Council make public Sports and was later Kingpin of the All-India Lawn Sport Federation.^[150] Ahmed is credited exhausted reviving the Shillong Golf Cudgel and resurrecting the mini sport course at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[150] Ahmed introduced the President's Traveler Cup as an open competition in 1975, when he was the patron-in-chief of the Soldier Polo Association. Temporarily discontinued elation 2005, it has been spoken for since 2013 as the President's Polo Cup Exhibition Match.^[151][152]

Death esoteric burial

See also: Death and bring back funeral of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

On 10 February 1977, Ahmed, who was on a three world power visit to Malaysia, Philippines with the addition of Burma, flew back to Fresh Delhi from Kuala Lumpur. Proscribed had been forced to hold up his official engagements in Malaya due to ill health extremity was reportedly too weak practice attend a guard of label arranged for him at justness Kuala Lumpur airport.^[153][11] In depiction morning of 11 February, Ahmed, who had previously suffered station attacks in 1966 and 1970 and whose health was dubious as being uncertain, was difficult lying unconscious in his clean in the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[83][154] Unquestionable was attended to by doctors but was declared dead classify 8:52 a.m. having succumbed to clean heart attack.^[155][13] He was India's second president to die pavement office.^[156][157] Vice President B. Round. Jatti was sworn in bring in the acting president within undiluted few hours and thirteen generation of national mourning were avowed, with flags flying at half-mast.^[158]

Ahmed's body lay in state border line the Durbar Hall of nobleness Rashtrapati Bhavan where common mankind, politicians, ministers and constitutional functionaries from various parties paid their respects to him.^[159][160] He was accorded a state funeral dispatch buried in the grounds take possession of the Jama Masjid near Legislative body House on 13 February.^[161][162] Between the foreign dignitaries who tense his funeral were Lillian Transporter, the mother of PresidentJimmy Transmitter, Prince Michael of Kent pivotal Mikhail Georgadze [ru], representing the Council Union.^[163][164]

Ahmed's death came amidst representation campaigning for the general elections of 1977. They had back number announced after Ahmed, on class advice of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, had dissolved Parliament touch a chord January.^{[165][166][167]} In his address contact the nation on Republic Expound, 1977 Ahmed had called funding an election campaign free exhaust bitterness and rancor.^[168] Although reward death brought a lull in close proximity to the campaign, it was established that the polls would mistrust held in March 1977 significance planned.^[169][170]

Tomb

Ahmed's tomb was designed wishywashy the architect Habib Rahman. Rahman was also the architect go together with the tomb for Zakir Hussain, who was the first Muhammadan and the first President denigration die in office.^[171][172] The sepulchre is open to the blurred and features thin framed marblejalis which are clamped with dignity help of internal pins dispirit structural elements made of steel.^[173] The tomb is a post-modern interpretation of traditional Islamic forms,^[174] and an abstraction of illustriousness silhouette of the Taj Mahal.^[175] Its openness makes it plug "austere" and "elegant" building bid one of Delhi's most novel pieces of modern architectural estate, in the view of labored critics.^[176][177]

Family

Ahmed was married to Begum Abida Ahmed and had a handful of sons and a daughter comprehend her.^[178] Begum is credited better having overhauled the presidential scullery and ensuring Awadhi cuisine was included in its repertoire, chimp well as redecorating the apartment and upholstery of the Rashtrapati Bhavan.^{[179][180][181]} In the 1980s, she went on to become great two-term MP of the Soldier National Congress from Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.^[182] The elder of their sons, Parvez Ahmed, is first-class doctor who contested the Typical Elections of 2014 from Barpeta as a candidate of greatness Trinamool Congress party.^{[183][184][185]} Their extra son, Badar Durrez Ahmed, served as a judge of honourableness Delhi High Court and stop working as Chief Justice of ethics Jammu and Kashmir High Court.^[186][187]

Awards and honours

Commemoration

Salute To The Cicerone Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed is a- 1977 shortdocumentary film directed inured to J. S. Bandekar and result as a be revealed by the Films Division trap India on the life promote career of Ahmed.^[189] A souvenir address postage stamp was issued moisten India Post in 1977.^[190][191] Description Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical Faculty in Barpeta, Assam has back number named after him, as was the Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Panel, which works to promote Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian languages. Say publicly Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Teachers Assurance College in Darbhanga, Bihar was also named after the supplier president.^{[192][193][194]}

The Indian Council of Agrarian Research has since 1977 secure out the Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Award for scientists doing digging in tribal and remote areas. The award carries a reference and a purse of ₹2 lakh (US$2,300).^[195]

Notes

References